The iliotibial tract, also known as Maissiat's band or the iliotibial band, and its associated muscles function to extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip, as well as aid in the stabilization of the knee. A select group of associated injuries and pathologies of the iliotibial tract are seen as sequela of repetitive stress and direct trauma. This article intends to educate the radiologist, orthopedist, and other clinicians about iliotibial tract anatomy and function and the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and imaging findings of associated pathologies. Specifically, this article will review proximal iliotibial band syndrome, Morel-Lavallée lesions, external snapping hip syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and bursitis, traumatic tears, iliotibial insertional tendinosis and peritendonitis, avulsion fractures at Gerdy's tubercle, and Segond fractures. The clinical management of these pathologies will also be discussed in brief.

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) complex is comprised of three components supporting the inferior aspect of the shoulder. It consists of an anterior band, a posterior band, and an interposed axillary pouch. Injuries to the IGHL complex have a unifying clinical history of traumatic shoulder injury, which are often sports or fall-related, with the biomechanical mechanism, positioning of the arm, and individual patient factors determining the specific component of the ligamentous complex that is injured, the location of the injury of those components, and the degree of bone involvement. Several acronyms are employed to characterize these features, specifying whether there is involvement of a portion of the anterior band, posterior band, or midsubstance, and if there is avulsion from the humeral attachment, glenoid attachment, or both. Imaging recommendations for the evaluation of the IGHL complex include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and injuries to this complex are best visualized with magnetic resonance arthrography. Additionally, a brief description of clinical management of inferior glenohumeral ligament injuries is included.

Purpose: 1. To investigate the indication, technical considerations, and efficacy of splenic artery embolization (SAE) for nonoperative management of blunt splenic trauma. 2. To review initial CT findings, CT grading of splenic injury, and the feasibility of utilizing CT for triaging patients for SAE, observation or surgery. 3. To identify an algorithm for management of blunt splenic injury and indication for SAE. Materials: We conducted a 10 year retrospective chart review of trauma patients with blunt splenic injuries at our institution. Diagnosis was made by CT examination. Appropriate IRB approval was obtained. The initial CT scans of patients who underwent observation, SAE or surgery for blunt splenic injury were re-evaluated. The technical aspects and treatment outcomes of SAE were investigated. An algorithm for managing trauma patients with splenic injury was discussed via search of literature. Results: Preliminary evaluation of 130 patients who underwent SAE suggests that initial CT of active extravasation or pseudoaneurysm formation has the strongest predictability for splenic angiography and SAE. Higher AAST injury grades is associated with nonoperative management with splenic angiography as well as higher rate of failure with SAE and the need for surgical management. SAE is safe and efficacious. Of the 130 patients reviewed, o5% of patients developed severe complication with splenic abscess. Conclusions: SAE has an increasing role in the nonoperative management of blunt traumatic splenic injuries. Patients with higher (4AAST grade III) splenic injury scale are likely to benefit from SAE. CT based AAST grading criteria is not sufficient in triaging patients for observation, SAE or surgery. An algorithm that includes additional features on CT and clinical presentation is necessary to appropriately identify management options. Splenic abscess is a severe but rare complication of SAE, and careful interval monitoring with CT or US during the postembolization period reduces the rate of complications. Abstract No. 412The role of interventional radiology in the management of hemorrhagic complications associated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy