Inferior Parietal Lobule Encodes Visual Temporal Resolution Processes Contributing to the Critical Flicker Frequency Threshold in Humans

Nardella, A.; Rocchi, Lorenzo; Conte, Antonella; Bologna, Matteo; Suppa, Antonio; Berardelli, Alfredo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098948

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…When first introduced, cTBS applied over the primary motor area (M1) was shown to cause a long-lasting depression of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) amplitude, likely due to a decrease in synaptic excitability ( Huang et al, 2005 ). Since then, cTBS has been reported to influence different physiological and behavioral outcomes when applied on a range of cortical areas, both in healthy subject and pathologic conditions ( Li Voti et al, 2014 ; Nardella et al, 2014 ; Di Biasio et al, 2015 ; Georgiev et al, 2016 ; Rocchi et al, 2016 ). However, a remarkable variability in the effect of cTBS has been found in a large number of experiments, often leading to negative findings ( Bologna et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Hannah et al, 2016 ; Mendez et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Predictors of Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation: A TMS-EEG Study

et al. 2018

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Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm reported to decrease the excitability of the stimulated cortical area and which is thought to reflect a form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity. However, since its introduction, the effect of cTBS has shown a remarkable variability in its effects, which are often quantified by measuring the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Part of this inconsistency in experimental results might be due to an intrinsic variability of TMS effects caused by genetic or neurophysiologic factors. However, it is also possible that MEP only reflect the excitability of a sub-population of output neurons; resting EEG power and measures combining TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) might represent a more thorough reflection of cortical excitability. The aim of the present study was to verify the robustness of several predictors of cTBS response, such as I wave recruitment and baseline MEP amplitude, and to test cTBS after-effects on multiple neurophysiologic measurements such as MEP, resting EEG power, local mean field power (LMFP), TMS-related spectral perturbation (TRSP), and inter-trial phase clustering (ITPC). As a result, we were not able to confirm either the expected decrease of MEP amplitude after cTBS or the ability of I wave recruitment and MEP amplitude to predict the response to cTBS. Resting EEG power, LMFP, TRSP, and ITPC showed a more consistent trend toward a decrease after cTBS. Overall, our data suggest that the effect of cTBS on corticospinal excitability is variable and difficult to predict with common electrophysiologic markers, while its effect might be clearer when probed with combined TMS and EEG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Predictors of Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation: A TMS-EEG Study

et al. 2018

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“…It is already known that cTBS can induce changes in neuronal excitability, possibly through LTD-like effects on synapses [ 15 ]. This has been confirmed in different physiological and behavioral outcomes when applied on a range of cortical areas and on the cerebellum both in healthy subjects and pathologic conditions [ 24 – 28 ]. Given these findings, a likely possibility is that our results are due to an impairment in the activity of the cerebellar cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Impairs Memory Consolidation in Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

et al. 2018

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Associative learning of sensorimotor contingences, as it occurs in eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC), is known to involve the cerebellum, but its mechanism remains controversial. EBCC involves a sequence of learning processes which are thought to occur in the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. Recently, the extinction phase of EBCC has been shown to be modulated after one week by cerebellar continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). Here, we asked whether cerebellar cTBS could affect retention and reacquisition of conditioned responses (CRs) tested immediately after conditioning. We also investigated a possible lateralized cerebellar control of EBCC by applying cTBS on both the right and left cerebellar hemispheres. Both right and left cerebellar cTBSs induced a statistically significant impairment in retention and new acquisition of conditioned responses (CRs), the disruption effect being marginally more effective when the left cerebellar hemisphere was stimulated. These data support a model in which cTBS impairs retention and reacquisition of CR in the cerebellum, possibly by interfering with the transfer of memory to the deep cerebellar nuclei.

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“…TMS can also assess inputs to M1 from other areas by observing how the MEP is modulated by a preceding stimulus, the latter being either a magnetic pulse applied over a different cortical area or a stimulus activating afferents from various sensory modalities . It is also possible to apply repetitive TMS (rTMS) in the form of short or long trains, either regular or patterned, or associated with diverse cortical or sensory stimulation . These protocols can induce long‐term changes in cortical excitability that are the result of changes in synaptic plasticity.…”

Section: What Is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for movement disorders: A critical review

et al. 2019

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A BS TRACT: Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and painless non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been largely used in the past 30 years to explore cortical function in healthy participants and, inter alia, the pathophysiology of movement disorders. During the years, its use has evolved from primarily research purposes to treatment of a large variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this article, we illustrate the basic principles on which the therapeutic use of transcranial magnetic stimulation is based and review the clinical trials that have been performed in patients with movement disorders.

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Inferior Parietal Lobule Encodes Visual Temporal Resolution Processes Contributing to the Critical Flicker Frequency Threshold in Humans

Cited by 21 publications

References 79 publications

Variability and Predictors of Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation: A TMS-EEG Study

Variability and Predictors of Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation: A TMS-EEG Study

Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Impairs Memory Consolidation in Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for movement disorders: A critical review

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