Inferior rectus displacement in heavy eye syndrome and sagging eye syndrome

Kinori, Michael; Pansara, Megha; Derek, D; Robbins, Shira L.; Hesselink, John R.; Granet, David B.

doi:10.1007/s00417-020-04629-4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1 In fact, staphylomata are most often located superotemporally and this could explain why esotropia and hypotropia (namely HES) is more commonly seen in high myopes. 1,7 Additionally, Kinori et al found that eyes with staphyloma were more likely to have inferior LR displacements when compared to healthy controls and that the superotemporal location of staphylomata was associated with larger SR-LR displacements. 7 With the same reasoning, hypertropia with high myopia (rarely reported in the literature) can theoretically be caused by an inferotemporal staphyloma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,7 Additionally, Kinori et al found that eyes with staphyloma were more likely to have inferior LR displacements when compared to healthy controls and that the superotemporal location of staphylomata was associated with larger SR-LR displacements. 7 With the same reasoning, hypertropia with high myopia (rarely reported in the literature) can theoretically be caused by an inferotemporal staphyloma. In fact, a myope with bilateral fixed hypertropia and esotropia was also reported to have superior LR displacement with infratemporal globe herniation: a condition termed congenital hypertropic strabismus fixus by Li et.al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 HES is caused by the posterior elongation of the globe that leads to the nasal displacement of the superior rectus (SR) with inferior displacement of the lateral rectus (LR) with possible compression of muscles against the orbital wall. 2,3,7 These anatomical changes modify the extraocular movement (EOM) vectors of contraction and the myopic eye will thus be stuck in esotropia and hypotropia. 1,8 Furthermore, strabismus associated with myopia can also be due to the mechanical effects of staphylomas -frequently encountered in myopic eyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modified partial Jensen procedure to treat a hypertropic Knobby eye syndrome in a high myopic monocular patient

Rachid,

Mansour,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modified partial Jensen procedure to treat a hypertropic Knobby eye syndrome in a high myopic monocular patient

Rachid,

Mansour,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In both, HES and SES inferior rectus muscle is dislocated. However, the outcome of the study conducted by Kinori and coworkers revealed that in HES the inferior rectus muscle is more nasally displaced from midline comparing to patients with SES [2,6]. Another differential diagnosis is Graves' orbitopathy, in which patients present upper eyelid retraction, edema and congestion of periorbital tissues and conjunctiva [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Eye Syndrome – Case Report

Mamczur

Krasińska

Pawlak

2022

Medical Journal of Cell Biology

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This paper aims to report clinical features, differential diagnosis and successful surgical outcome of a patient with myopic strabismus fixus, also known as Heavy Eye syndrome (HES). We present a case of a 47-year-old man who presented to the Ophthalmology Department with diplopia and poor vision. In the past, he had been diagnosed with Graves’ disease, high myopia, and secondary open-angle glaucoma. He had undergone orbital decompression and cataract surgery of both eyes. On examination, the patient had esotropia and hypotropia with limited abduction and elevation. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES. Yokoyama’s surgery combined with a medial rectus muscle recession in the right eye, were performed. The procedure reduced esotropia, hypotropia and improved ductions.

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Relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance images by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia

Kono,

Hamasaki,

Kishimoto

et al. 2024

Jpn J Ophthalmol

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Purpose To investigate the relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia. Study design Retrospective clinical case series. Methods We included 58 eyes of 29 patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia (mean age ± standard deviation: 60.2 ± 14.7 years, axial length [AL]: 28.69 ± 2.12 mm). For all eyes, the equatorial diameter of the globe/AL ratio (EAR) and the globe/orbit volume ratio (GOR) were measured using MRI. EAR and GOR values were compared between the following groups: 9 men vs. 20 women; 8 younger (< 56 years) vs. 21 older (≥ 56 years) patients; and non-esotropia strabismus (NES: 7 patients) vs. esotropia (ET: 13 patients) vs. restrictive strabismus (RS: 9 patients) groups. Results Female patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 ± 0.07) and larger GOR (0.38 ± 0.04) than male patients (0.92 ± 0.05 and 0.35 ± 0.03, both P < 0.01). Older patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 ± 0.07) than younger ones (0.93 ± 0.04, P < 0.01), without significant differences in GOR. EAR (NES: 0.92 ± 0.06, ET: 0.86 ± 0.06, RS: 0.89 ± 0.09) significantly differed among the three strabismus groups (P = 0.02: post-hoc test: NES vs. ET, P = 0.02; NES vs. RS, P = 0.49; RS vs. ET, P = 0.67), but no significant differences in GOR were found (P = 0.12). Conclusions Among patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia, women, older patients, and those with esotropia exhibit a smaller EAR and longer sphere shape with AL as the major axis. The parameter EAR might be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis of strabismus associated with high myopia.

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Inferior rectus displacement in heavy eye syndrome and sagging eye syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Modified partial Jensen procedure to treat a hypertropic Knobby eye syndrome in a high myopic monocular patient

Modified partial Jensen procedure to treat a hypertropic Knobby eye syndrome in a high myopic monocular patient

Heavy Eye Syndrome – Case Report

Relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance images by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia

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