Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode in Rice Nurseries in Chitwan

Dangal, Nabin Kumar; Shrestha, Sundar Man; Poudyal, Damodar; Adhikari, C

doi:10.3126/njst.v10i0.2822

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We suggest that this difference in pathogen population density (J2 and eggs) per root unit can be explained, inter alia, by the greater ability of the infective J2 (a) to migrate in a sandy loam soil than in a clay loam soil (Rao & Israel 1972) and (b) to penetrate and infect rice roots under the more dry upland conditions than under the more wet (intermittently flooded) lowland conditions (Bridge & Page 1982;Dangal et al 2009). Also, the thick root diameter, usually observed in upland rice varieties, may also provide a more favourable environment for the multiplication of M. graminicola once inside the roots compared with that observed in lowland rice varieties (Kondo et al 2000;Henry et al 2012;Cabasan et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the host response of lowland and upland rice varieties from Myanmar to the rice root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne graminicola

Win

Kyi

Maung

et al. 2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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The rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is considered one of the most potentially important nematode pathogens of rice, especially in South and Southeast Asia, in a range of rice production systems. Identification of M. graminicola-resistant or -tolerant rice varieties will enable breeding programmes to develop rice varieties which are able to limit yield losses caused by this nematode species. The host response to M. graminicola infection of 15 lowland rice varieties and 9 upland rice varieties, which are being grown in the summer-irrigated lowland and rainfed upland rice ecosystems in Myanmar, was evaluated in two experiments under screenhouse conditions. The lowland rice experiment was carried out under intermittently flooded conditions in a clay loam soil (i.e. simulating the summer-irrigated lowland rice ecosystem) and the upland rice experiment was carried out at field capacity in a sandy loam soil (i.e. simulating the monsoon rainfed upland rice ecosystem). None of the15 lowland and 9 upland rice varieties were resistant to M. graminicola infection although differences in susceptibility and sensitivity were observed. Six (or 40%) out of the 15 lowland varieties examined were classified as less susceptible (LS) to M. graminicola infection, five (or 33.3%) as moderately susceptible (MS) while four (or 26.7%) as highly susceptible (HS). One (or 11.1%) out of the nine upland varieties examined was classified as LS to M. graminicola infection, three (or 33.3%) as MS while five (or 55.6%) as HS. Five (or 33.3%) out of the 15 lowland varieties examined were classified as either less sensitive or tolerant to M. graminicola infection. One (or 11.1%) out of the nine upland varieties examined was classified as tolerant to M. graminicola infection. This study offers interesting information for the farmer regarding which rice variety should be grown in M. graminicola-infested fields under either lowland or upland conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the host response of lowland and upland rice varieties from Myanmar to the rice root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne graminicola

Win

Kyi

Maung

et al. 2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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“…These declining yields are associated with nutrient deficiencies (Kreye et al ., ; Nie et al ., ), as well as biotic factors, in which root‐affecting Pythium spp. ( Pythium graminicola and Pythium arrhenomanes ) and root‐knot nematodes (RKNs), such as Meloidogyne graminicola , are the predominant species (Bridge et al ., ; Dangal et al ., ; De Waele and Elsen, ; Soriano et al ., ; Tandingan et al ., ; Van Buyten et al ., ). In the case of RKNs, infective second‐stage juveniles (J2) penetrate the roots and migrate intercellularly towards the root apex, where they make a U‐turn and move upwards in the vascular bundles to the differentiation zone, where they settle and initiate permanent feeding sites called giant cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens

Gheysen

Ullah

Verbeek

et al. 2015

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Thionins are antimicrobial peptides that are involved in plant defence. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the role of rice thionin genes in defence responses against two root pathogens: the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and the oomycete Pythium graminicola. The expression of rice thionin genes was observed to be differentially regulated by defence-related hormones, whereas all analysed genes were consistently down-regulated in M. graminicola-induced galls, at least until 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Transgenic lines of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare overproducing OsTHI7 revealed decreased susceptibility to M. graminicola infection and P. graminicola colonization. Taken together, these results demonstrate the role of rice thionin genes in defence against two of the most damaging root pathogens attacking rice.

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“…Lower RKI in simulated lowland was mainly due to reduced penetration of rice roots by M. graminicola in flooded soils (Bridge & Page 1982). Dangal et al (2009) also found higher RKI but lower RLI in upland nurseries than lowland. Similarly, Prot and Matias (1995) found greater root gall indices in upland than in irrigated conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The number of J2 recovered from soil and roots were significantly lower in wet bed, healthy seedbed, lowland and healthy transplanted soil than the in dry bed, M. graminicola infested seedbed, upland transplanted condition and the nematode infested soil respectively (Table 1). Similarly, Dangal et al (2009) found lower J2 population in roots and soil from nurseries in wet bed and lowland than in dry bed and upland, respectively. Soriano et al (2000) Bridge and Page (1982).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This pest has also been reported from the main rice growing areas of Nepal (Pokharel & Sharma-Poudyal 2001, Sharma-Poudyal et al 2002, Dangal et al 2008, Dangal et al 2009) in different rice growing environments like rain-fed upland soil, shallow flooded soil and continuous flooded soils in Nepal (Pokharel & Sharma-Poudyal 2001, SharmaPoudyal et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Soil Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Flooding on its Development and Rice Yield

Dangal

Sharma‐Poudyal

Shrestha

et al. 1970

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

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A pot experiment was conducted during July-November 2006 in a glass house at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan to find out the impact of soil infestation of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield) and flooding on its development and rice yield. The experiment was conducted in a 4 factorial randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Rice cv. 'Sabitri' was sown in M. graminicola infested soil and infestation free (healthy) soil. Both beds were further divided to give wet bed (flooded) and dry bed condition. Twenty-one days old seedlings from each seedbed were transplanted into plastic pots containing 5 kg of M. graminicola infested and healthy soil each treated with lowland (continuously flooded) and upland condition. Simulated field conditions were created throughout the experiment period. Results revealed that rootknot index (RKI) and population of second stage juveniles of M. graminicola (J2) in soil and roots were significantly lower and grain yield was higher in pots containing seedlings transplanted from wet seedbed than dry bed. Lower RKI, root lesion index (RLI) and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield were observed in pots containing seedlings transplanted from healthy seedbed than the nematode infested seedbed. Similarly, RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots were significantly lower in simulated lowland as compared to upland condition. Transplanting on healthy soil also resulted in lower RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield than in the nematode infested soil. Interactions revealed that highest grain yield was obtained from seedlings grown under healthy seedbed transplanted in healthy soil under simulated lowland condition. Thus, M. graminicola infestation may be minimized by growing seedlings in healthy and wet seedbed. Seedling transplanting into M. graminicola free soil and lowland condition may be another important control measure for it.

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Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode in Rice Nurseries in Chitwan

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of the host response of lowland and upland rice varieties from Myanmar to the rice root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne graminicola

Evaluation of the host response of lowland and upland rice varieties from Myanmar to the rice root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne graminicola

The role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens

Impact of Soil Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Flooding on its Development and Rice Yield

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