Infiltration Characteristics under No‐Till and Clean‐Till Furrow Irrigation

Christensen, N. B.; Jones, Tony; Kauta, G.J.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800050032x

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The effect of tillage on water infiltration was still considered to be positive; however, these results suggest that excessive tillage may reduce infiltration through the effect on hydraulic conductivity. Christensen et al (1994) found that more soil water was conserved during fallow periods with no tillage than with clean till, and in contrast to Creswell et al (1993), the infiltration rates were larger with no tillage as evidenced by the slow rate of the advance of water down irrigation furrows. They reported that sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yields were higher with no tillage, but wheat yields were less with clean‐till.…”

Section: Soil Surface Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Managing Soils to Achieve Greater Water Use Efficiency

2001

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Y/T ϭ m/T max [2] Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a given level of biomasswhere Y is the total dry matter production, T is the or grain yield per unit of water used by the crop. With increasing transpiration, m is a coefficient, and T max is the daily concern about the availability of water resources in both irrigated free water evaporation. Water use efficiency is estiand rainfed agriculture, there is renewed interest in trying to develop mated using the total water use (ET) from a crop suran understanding of how WUE can be improved and how farming face, which includes evaporation from soil and plant systems can be modified to be more efficient in water use. This review components because of the difficulty in separating evapand synthesis of the literature is directed toward understanding the oration from transpiration. role of soil management practices for WUE. Soil management prac-Changes in WUE can be manifested through soil mantices affect the processes of evapotranspiration by modifying the available energy, the available water in the soil profile, or the exchange agement practices via the components of the surface rate between the soil and the atmosphere. Plant management pracenergy balance: tices, e.g., the addition of N and P, have an indirect effect on water ET ϭ R n Ϫ G Ϫ H Ϫ P [3] use through the physiological efficiency of the plant. A survey of the literature reveals a large variation in measured WUE across a range where ET is evapotranspiration, R n is net radiation, G of climates, crops, and soil management practices. It is possible to is soil heat flux, H is sensible heat flux, and P is photoincrease WUE by 25 to 40% through soil management practices that synthetic flux. These terms can be expressed in a variety involve tillage. Overall, precipitation use efficiency can be enhanced of units (e.g., W m Ϫ2 and KJ m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 ). Soil management through adoption of more intensive cropping systems in semiarid practices impact WUE through changes in the energy environments and increased plant populations in more temperate and exchanges (R n , G, and H) and through the plant photohumid environments. Modifying nutrient management practices can synthetic (P) efficiency. These terms will affect the waincrease WUE by 15 to 25%. Water use efficiency can be increased through proper management, and field-scale experiences show that ter balance in the soil within a growing season and across these changes positively affect crop yield.growing seasons. Throughout this review, we will show where soil management practices modify the energy balance components.

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Section: Soil Surface Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Managing Soils to Achieve Greater Water Use Efficiency

2001

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“…Practically, farmers have adopted field management approaches such as reduced or zero tillage that help to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change [66]. More soil water is conserved in summer fallow under reduced tillage compared with conventional tillage methods [66,67]. New crop cultivars with improved shoot and root architecture would promote the effective capture and utilization of solar radiation, carbon dioxide, and rain and soil stored water; thus, they are recommended to cope with climate change [68,69].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Wfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Footprint for Pulse, Cereal, and Oilseed Crops in Saskatchewan, Canada

Ding

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2018

Water

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The water footprint (WF) of crop production is a friendly approach for the analysis of water resource consumption in agricultural production systems. This study assessed the inter-annual variability of the total WF of three types of main crops, namely, cereal (i.e., spring wheat and barley), oilseed (i.e., canola and sunflower) and pulse (i.e., lentils and chickpea), from the perspective of yield and protein. It also determined the major factors that influence the WFs in Saskatchewan province of Canada. Over the period of 1965–2014, the annual precipitation in Saskatchewan fluctuated considerably but increased slightly with time. The grain yield-based WF ranged between 1.08 and 1.80, 0.90 and 1.38, 1.71 and 2.58, 1.94 and 4.28, 1.47 and 2.37, and 1.39 and 1.79 m3 kg−1; whereas the protein yield-based WF ranged between 7.69 and 10.44, 8.27 and 16.47, 3.79 and 7.75, 4.86 and 11.17, 5.09 and 7.42, and 5.51 and 10.69 m3 kg−1 for spring wheat, barley, canola, sunflower, lentils, and chickpea, respectively. All the WFs of crops generally decreased with time, which could be attributed to precipitation factors. In addition, the scientific and technological progress and agricultural inputs also evidently influenced the grain yield-based WFs of all crops. Pulse crops had a higher grain yield-based WF (an average of 1.59 m3 kg−1 for pulse crops and 1.18 m3 kg−1 for cereal crops) but a lower protein yield-based WF (an average of 6.58 m3 kg−1 for pulse crops and 9.25 m3 kg−1 for cereal crops) than cereal crops. Under conditions of improved protein consumption and healthy living in the future, pulse crops may be a preferred crop.

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“…Tillage is considered to have a positive impact on water infi ltration, but excessive tillage may reduce infi ltration because of the direct eff ect on hydraulic conductivity. Christensen et al (1994) observed that soil water was conserved during fallow periods with no-tillage compared to clean-till, and his fi ndings were opposite of those found by Cresswell et al (1993). They found sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yields to be increased with adoption of no-tillage because water was conserved during the fallow periods accompanied with a deeper wett ing of the soil profi le in notillage systems.…”

Section: Tillagementioning

confidence: 89%

Soil Management for Increasing Water Use Efficiency in Field Crops under Changing Climates

Hatfield

2015

Soil Management: Building a Stable Base for Agriculture

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C rop production throughout the world is dependent on soil water availability either directly through precipitation captured in the soil profi le or indirectly as soil water recharge applied via irrigation. Increasing water use effi ciency (WUE) is critical to ensuring that we continue to produce the food, feed, fuel, and fi ber needed to sustain the world's increasing populations. Optimizing the factors that aff ect WUE will enhance the stability of crop production across a range of climates; however, the ever-increasing problem of climatic change increases the urgency with which we should view this issue and begin to understand the implications of the interactions between soil management factors and WUE. The increasing variability in both temperature and precipitation throughout the world raises the question of how to enhance WUE under current cropping systems. This goal has to be coupled with the sobering fact that the soils of the world continue to be degraded, and many of the critical properties that are linked to WUE of cropping systems are being negatively impacted. Increasing our ability to effi ciently increase food and feed production given changes in climate and soil will require that we bett er understand the interactions between the soil and crop production. Wallace (2000) summarized the need to increase WUE by more eff ectively using water resources for plant production. The challenge for us and future generations will be to provide a stable and secure food supply and the effi cient use of our natural resources-soil, water, and air. Hatfi eld et al. (2001) reviewed the literature on WUE and soil management to highlight many of the options for increasing WUE through improvements in soil management. Among these options were soil management practices that aff ected water availability and nutrient management practices that increased the nutrient availability to the crop. They summarized the potential impacts as a relationship shown in Fig. 10|1. Soil management practices related to nutrients or water availability could change the WUE by ± 15 to 25% compared to the baseline. These changes in WUE off er potential for how we can cope with changing climate and will be explored in the remainder of this chapter. It is important to begin this discussion by fi rst defi ning WUE and the principal variables that aff ect WUE. There have been several diff erent forms of relationship used to characterize WUE, and these have been summarized by Tanner and Sinclair (1983). Water use effi ciency is described in mathematical form as

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Infiltration Characteristics under No‐Till and Clean‐Till Furrow Irrigation

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Managing Soils to Achieve Greater Water Use Efficiency

Managing Soils to Achieve Greater Water Use Efficiency

Water Footprint for Pulse, Cereal, and Oilseed Crops in Saskatchewan, Canada

Soil Management for Increasing Water Use Efficiency in Field Crops under Changing Climates

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