Inflammation – Cause or Consequence of Heart Failure or Both?

Linthout, Sophie Van; Tschöpe, Carsten

doi:10.1007/s11897-017-0337-9

Cited by 355 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…NT-proBNP is produced in response to cardiac stretch, 25 and experimental evidence has indeed demonstrated that stretched cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts elaborate TNF-/IL-6 and IL-1 , respectively. 19 This is also in agreement with the finding that elevated IL-6 levels are independently predicted by higher TNF-/IL-1 related biomarkers. PCT was an additional independent predictor of elevated IL-6 levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…SERCA2 is involved in diastolic cardiomyocyte relaxation by mediating calcium reabsorption in the sarcoplasmic reticulum . Additionally, IL‐6 increases cardiomyocyte stiffness by reducing titin phosphorylation . These processes might in turn explain the association of IL‐6 with diastolic dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Additionally, IL-6 increases cardiomyocyte stiffness by reducing titin phosphorylation. 19 These processes might in turn explain the association of IL-6 with diastolic dysfunction. Having AF was also an independent predictor of higher IL-6, which is in agreement with previous studies that support a general involvement of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical significance of interleukin‐6 in heart failure: results from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study

Markousis‐Mavrogenis

Tromp

Ouwerkerk

et al. 2019

European J of Heart Fail

219

148

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Aims Inflammation is a central process in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), but trials targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were largely unsuccessful. Interleukin (IL)‐6 is an important inflammatory mediator and might constitute a potential pharmacologic target in HF. However, little is known regarding the association between IL‐6 and clinical characteristics, outcomes and other inflammatory biomarkers in HF. We thus aimed to identify and characterize these associations. Methods and results Interleukin‐6 was measured in 2329 patients [89.4% with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%] of the BIOSTAT‐CHF cohort. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization during 2 years, with all‐cause, cardiovascular (CV), and non‐CV death as secondary outcomes. Approximately half (56%) of all included patients had plasma IL‐6 values greater than the previously determined 95th percentile of normal values at baseline. Elevated N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, procalcitonin and hepcidin, younger age, TNF‐α/IL‐1‐related biomarkers, or having iron deficiency, atrial fibrillation and LVEF > 40% independently predicted elevated IL‐6 levels. IL‐6 independently predicted the primary outcome [HR (95% confidence interval) per doubling: 1.16 (1.11–1.21), P < 0.001], all‐cause mortality [1.22 (1.16–1.29), P < 0.001] and CV as well as non‐CV mortality [1.16 (1.09–1.24), P < 0.001; 1.31 (1.18–1.45), P < 0.001], but did not improve discrimination in previously published risk models. Conclusions In a large, heterogeneous cohort of HF patients, elevated IL‐6 levels were found in more than 50% of patients and were associated with iron deficiency, reduced LVEF, atrial fibrillation and poorer clinical outcomes. These findings warrant further investigation of IL‐6 as a potential therapeutic target in specific HF subpopulations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical significance of interleukin‐6 in heart failure: results from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study

Markousis‐Mavrogenis

Tromp

Ouwerkerk

et al. 2019

European J of Heart Fail

219

148

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“…Similar to other antioxidants B2BrBC and C66 treatment did not prevent RV hypertrophy (Table ) and this might be related to a weak effect of the applied dosages on pulmonary arterial function . Increased ROS are associated with proinﬂammatory and profibrotic events in the pressure‐overloaded myocardium and also induce antioxidant enzymes by direct activation of transcription factors . These mechanisms could be responsible for the observed changes in the RV of the MCT group in our study (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of the monocarbonyl curcumin analogs B2BRBC and C66 in monocrotaline‐induced right ventricular hypertrophy

Hadzi‐Petrushev

Angelovski

Rebok

et al. 2019

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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For 22 days after monocrotaline injection two groups of rats received either of the monocarbonyl curcumin analogs (2E,6E)‐2,6‐bis(2‐bromobenzylidene)cycloxehanone (B2BrBC) and (2E,6E)‐2,6‐bis([2‐triﬂuoromethyl]benzylidene)cyclohexanone (C66), and their right ventricle parameters were compared to those from the control and the monocrotaline injected animals. B2BrBC and C66 treatments did not prevent the monocrotaline‐induced right ventricular hypertrophy but attenuated the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced inflammation. The level of thiol‐based nonenzymatic antioxidants did not change in the function of monocrotaline or curcumin analogs treatment. However, due to its stronger antioxidant properties, only B2BrBC treatment was effective in the reduction of monocrotaline‐associated lipid peroxidation. The obtained results suggest that increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes may not be sufficient to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation optimally and our current study supports the potential of compounds with more than one beneficial biological activity as a promising treatment against the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.

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“…HF is a progressive condition in which cardiac muscle weakens and becomes inefficient to meet the body's demand for blood and oxygen supply. The etiology of HF is multifaceted as several genetic, biochemical, electrical and inflammatory factors have been shown to underlie the structural and functional remodeling that develops over time [5][6][7][8]. Based on the currently available literature, a majority of the HF conditions have been correlated with oxidative stress for the past several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%