Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Postolache, Teodor T.; Wadhawan, Abhishek; Can, Adem; Lowry, Christopher A.; Woodbury, Margaret; Makkar, Hina; Hoisington, Andrew J.; Scott, Alison; Potocki, Eileen; Benros, Michael E.; Stiller, John W.

doi:10.3233/jad-191150

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 304 publications

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“…Inflammatory and immune function gene upregulation is consistent with the known changes of pericontusional tissue at 24 h, further supporting the validity of our analysis. 25 , 26 Additionally, from the current data, we can also gain insight into other major pathological process, such as apoptosis shown by upregulation of CASP10, a gene for major apoptotic molecule caspase-10 (7.0-fold change).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transcriptional Profiling in a Novel Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Shin

Gottschalk

Mazandi

et al. 2022

Neurotrauma Reports

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Transcriptomic investigations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can give us deep insights into the pathological and compensatory processes post-injury. Thus far, transcriptomic studies in TBI have mostly used microarrays and have focused on rodent models. However, a large animal model of TBI bears a much stronger resemblance to human TBI with regard to the anatomical details, mechanics of injury, genetics, and, possibly, molecular response. Because of the advantages of a large animal TBI model, we investigated the gene expression changes between injured and uninjured sides of pig cerebral cortex after TBI. Given acute inflammation that follows after TBI and the important role that immune response plays in neuroplasticity and recovery, we hypothesized that transcriptional changes involving immune function will be upregulated. Eight female 4-week-old piglets were injured on the right hemisphere with controlled cortical impact (CCI). At 24 h after TBI, pericontusional cortex tissues from the injured side and contralateral cortical tissues were collected. After RNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing as well as gene expression changes between the ipsi- and contralateral sides were compared. There were 6642 genes that were differentially expressed between the ipsi- and contralateral sides, and 1993 genes among them had at least 3-fold differences. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for biological processes related to immune system activation, regulation of immune response, and leukocyte activation. Many of the differentially expressed genes, such as CD4, CD86, IL1A, IL23R, and IL1R1, were major regulators of immune function. This study demonstrated some of the major transcriptional changes between the pericontusional and contralateral tissue at an acute time point after TBI in pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transcriptional Profiling in a Novel Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Shin

Gottschalk

Mazandi

et al. 2022

Neurotrauma Reports

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“…Together, these results indicate that tissue responses to EO-Flex probe insertion and potential animal behavior-related probe movement during the implantation period are negligible at a time point when inflammatory responses are typically most prominent 26 , and considerably smaller compared to standard probes used for optogenetic experiments. (2,849 mW mm -2 at the probe tip) was required for reliable activation of neurons, and while this irradiance is higher than in previous reports (1-10 mW mm -2 ) 14,27,28 , we did not see any optical degradation effects in the tissue ( Supplementary Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits

Ward¹,

Riley

Carey

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Central to advancing our understanding of neural circuits is the development of minimally invasive, multi-modal interfaces capable of simultaneously recording and modulating neural activity. Recent devices have focused on matching the mechanical compliance of tissue to reduce inflammatory responses1,2. However, reductions in the size of multi-modal interfaces are needed to further improve biocompatibility and long-term recording capabilities1. Here we demonstrate a multi-modal coaxial microprobe design with a minimally invasive footprint (8-12 μm diameter over millimeter lengths) that enables efficient electrical and optical interrogation of neural networks. In the brain, the probes allowed robust electrical measurement and optogenetic stimulation. Scalable fabrication strategies can be used with various electrical and optical materials, making the probes highly customizable to experimental requirements, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties. Given their negligible inflammatory response, these probes promise to enable a new generation of readily tunable multi-modal devices for minimally invasive interfacing with neural circuits.

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“…However, when the inflammatory response is exacerbated in the CNS, it can be irreversible for neural cells. Neurodegenerative and neurological diseases can often present reactive gliosis as a pathological finding, where glial cells, mostly astrocytes and microglia, respond to insults by secreting pro-inflammatory factors and changing their phenotype in a way that restricts a lesion [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. The secretion of molecules, such as interleukins, chemokines and reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen by microglia and astrocytes, can lead to their chronic activation and prompt them towards a toxic phenotype, which in turn promotes more neuronal death.…”

Section: Neuroprotective Activities Of a Cearensis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amburana cearensis: Pharmacological and Neuroprotective Effects of Its Compounds

et al. 2020

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Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith is an endemic tree from Northeastern Brazil used in folk medicine as teas, decocts and syrups for the treatment of various respiratory and inflammatory diseases, since therapeutic properties have been attributed to compounds from its stem bark and seeds. Numerous pharmacological properties of semi-purified extracts and isolated compounds from A. cearensis have been described in several biological systems, ranging from antimicrobial to anti-inflammatory effects. Some of these activities are attributed to coumarins and phenolic compounds, the major compounds present in A. cearensis seed extracts. Multiple lines of research demonstrate these compounds reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity, events central to most neuropathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This review focuses on the botanical aspects, folk medicine use, biological effects and pharmacological activities of A. cearensis compounds and their potential as novel non-toxic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 75 publications

References 304 publications

Transcriptional Profiling in a Novel Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Transcriptional Profiling in a Novel Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits

Amburana cearensis: Pharmacological and Neuroprotective Effects of Its Compounds

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