Inflammatory and Immunological Parameters in Children With Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus) and Gastroenteritis—pathophysiological and Diagnostic Clues

Modulation of cytokine release in ex vivo stimulated blood from borreliosis patients

“…The cytokine release capacity of blood from patients and healthy controls can be used for comparative studies, and alterations have been detected in blood from patients with multiple sclerosis (6), malignant melanoma (7), rheumatoid arthritis (14), multiple myeloma (26), and human immunodeficiency virus infection (17) and children infected with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (38). Particularly because leukocyte counts are not affected in Borrelia infection (34, 37), it seemed appropriate to take a similar approach to characterize possible changes of the immune response in patients with persistent Borrelia infection.…”

Reduced Virulence of an fliC Mutant of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21

“…We have previously shown that H21 and other common STEC flagellin types (e.g., H7) are potent inducers of IL-8 and other CXC chemokine responses in human colonic epithelial cells in vitro (17). In cases of human STEC disease, elevated IL-8 levels in plasma have been shown to correlate with both leukocytosis and poor prognosis (2,6,9,10,25). We postulated that chemokine induction by STEC flagellin would translate into increased PMN recruitment to the intestinal epithelium in vivo and that this would increase penetration of Stx2 from the gut lumen into underlying tissues, as proposed by Hurley et al (5).…”

Saccharomyces boulardiiInterferes with EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli-Induced Signaling Pathways in T84 Cells

“…The in vivo study done by Westerholt et al (29) correlated inflammatory parameters in serum with a high risk of developing typical HUS during the prodromal phase of diarrhea, caused by EHEC; low neopterin and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and high IL-8 levels are indicators of a high risk for developing HUS in EHEC-infected children. A previous study (6) linked this in vivo study and an in vitro model and demonstrated that EHEC could induce a potent proinflammatory response in vitro by IL-8 secretion in infected T84 cells.…”