Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑8 and sleep monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract

The present study investigated the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and sleep ability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). A total of 684 patients who were admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital between June 2012 and June 2016 were enrolled to serve as the experimental group and 192 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Polysomnography was performed on both groups, and serum TNF-α and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze correlations between factors. Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8, the morning systolic and diastolic pressure in OSAHS group were significantly higher (P<0.01). Furthermore, the mean oxygen saturation (MSaO2) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) of the OSAHS group were significantly lower compared with those in control group (P<0.01). Results also indicated that TNF-α was positively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), morning systolic and diastolic pressure (r=0.621, 0.464, 0.539; P<0.05), and negatively correlated with MSaO2 and LSaO2 (r=−0.526, −0.466; P<0.05). Notably, IL-8 was positively correlated with AHI, morning systolic and diastolic pressure (r=0.337, 0.413 and 0.629; P<0.05), and negatively correlated with MSaO2 and LSaO2 (r=−0.329 and −0.417; P<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that TNF-α and IL-8 may be involved in the occurrence and development of OSAHS, are closely related to OSAHS and may be important risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with OSAHS. The present findings suggest that TNF-α and IL-8 can be used to assess the degree of OSAHS.

Serum and Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels in Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

“…As regards AHI and TNF-α levels, Kanbay et al [41] and others [16,78] reported a significant positive correlation between a higher AHI and higher serum TNF-α levels.…”

“…The present results have clinical importance because elevated serum and plasma TNF-α levels can be a risk factor for the development of further systemic diseases in adults with OSAS. Further, more generally, inflammation may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OSAS, and there is evidence that individuals with OSAS have elevated interleukin TNF-α [16,29,40,41,45,48,62,78]. These conclusions also have practical importance because, in addition to routine checks on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing, both children and adults with OSAS need a thorough monitoring of their immune systems.…”

“…Among adult participants, eighteen studies were performed with Caucasians [ Table 1 presents the characteristics of the 55 studies included in the meta-analysis. Forty-six studies [16,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][38][39][40][41][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]54,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72]75,76,[78][79][80] reported serum or plasma TNF-α concentrations in adults, and nine studies [14,37,...…”

“…Among adult participants, eighteen studies were performed with Caucasians [31,34,36,[39][40][41][46][47][48][49]59,61,63,65,68,69,75,80], nineteen sampled Asians [16,29,32,33,35,43,45,52,54,58,60,62,64,67,71,72,76,78,79], and nine samples mixed [28,30,38,44,50,51,56,57,70] ethnicities. For studies with adult samples, 29 out of 46 studies reported serum TNF-α concentrations [16,[31][32][33]…”

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea have suppressed levels of soluble cytokine receptors involved in neurodegenerative disease, but normal levels with airways therapy

“…In some, but not all studies, OSA patients also show modest increases in IL6 [52-58]. CPAP treatment of OSA patients was most often, but not always, associated with normal levels of these cytokines similar to the levels in control subjects [52,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. The normal levels of TNF and IL6 observed in most OSA patients receiving airways therapy and the generally protective role of airways therapy to patient health strongly support the idea that chronic intermittent hypoxia induces inflammatory cytokines that are causal to neuroinflammation and ND.…”