Inflexal®V a trivalent virosome subunit influenza vaccine: production

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

“…Virosomes differ from VLPs as they are composed of both viral proteins and lipids, either viral or otherwise, and resemble liposomes [176]. Immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs) include influenza membrane proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in the construct [177] and in addition to their application for influenza vaccines [178,179] have been shown to be efficacious delivery vehicles for vaccines against hepatitis A [180] and HIV [181].…”

Cross-protection against drifted influenza viruses

“…79 Virosome adjuvant system consists of an influenza virus envelope devoid of inner core and genetic information, with the influenza virus surface antigens neuraminidase and hemagglutinin integrated into phosphatidylcholine bilayer liposomes. 80 Virosomal influenza vaccines demonstrated to induce antibody titers comparable to the not-adjuvanted, IM, split/subunit vaccines, against vaccine homologous strains. Only one study evaluated the performances of virosomal influenza vaccine against circulating viruses that did not have a good match with vaccine strains, due to antigenic drift.…”

Towards an Epitope-Based Human Vaccine for Influenza

“…It has been shown that such vaccines are highly immunogenic and well tolerated in children, young adults, and among the elderly. 2 The two vaccines (subunit and attenuated) were similarly efficacious in preventing culturepositive influenza illness. 3 Some safety concerns related to influenza vaccination include the eliciting of immune responses not induced by natural infection, that may lead to autoimmunity.…”