Inflorescence lignification of natural species and horticultural hybrids of Phalaenopsis orchids

Pramanik, Dewi; Spaans, Marlies; Kranenburg, Twan; Bogarín, Diego; Heijungs, Reinout; Lens, Frédéric; Smets, Erik; Gravendeel, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110845

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The number of cells is correlated to the rate and duration of cell division, and a larger cell volume results from accelerated cell expansion [ 8 ]. The primary transportation of photo-assimilates from vegetative modules through growing shoots to flowers and fruits is facilitated by the peduncle, a flower stalk that bears pistillate flowers in cucurbits [ 9 ]. At anthesis, the peduncle diameter increases significantly from 0.9 mm at 0 days after anthesis (0 DAA) to 3.5 mm at 45 DAA along with the phloem and xylem area that is responsible for the translocation of assimilates [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Shoot, Peduncle and Fruit Growth of Lagenaria siceraria Landraces

Buthelezi

Mavengahama

Sibiya

et al. 2023

Plants

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Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley is a prominent food source as almost all its plant parts are edible. However, no studies have recorded the changes in shoots, peduncles and fruits during its growth. Hence, this study aimed to record changes in shoot traits and relate the peduncle to the fruit traits of L. siceraria landraces across different growth stages. Changes in shoots, peduncles and fruits during growth were compared within and among landraces using analysis of variance, correlation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and heritability estimates. Almost all landraces had harvestable shoots at 42 days after sowing. Peduncles became shorter and wider as the fruits elongated. Shoots, peduncles and fruits correlated positively with each other. The informative principal components had a total variability of 84.488%, with a major contribution from shoot traits. The biplot and dendrogram clustered landraces with similar growth habits and the harvestable shoot and fruit attributes into three clusters, but KRI and NSRC formed singlets. Shoot width (60.2%) and peduncle length (55.2%) had high heritability estimates. The general low heritability estimates and genetic advances indicated the presence of non-additive gene action. This study is the first report on changes in harvested shoots and the relationship between peduncles and fruits during growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Shoot, Peduncle and Fruit Growth of Lagenaria siceraria Landraces

Buthelezi

Mavengahama

Sibiya

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Our study showed that an erect fruit orientation is the most ancestral character in orchids. In a previous analysis of the inflorescence orientation in Phalaenopsis , a pendant inflorescence also evolved from an erect one [ 132 ]. Previously it was reported that in a subalpine plant community, erect fruits manage to disperse their seeds over much greater distances and have a more even distribution of dispersal direction than pendant ones [ 133 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and development of fruits of Erycina pusilla and other orchid species

Pramanik,

Becker,

Roessner

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Fruits play a crucial role in seed dispersal. They open along dehiscence zones. Fruit dehiscence zone formation has been intensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the mechanisms and genes involved in the formation of fruit dehiscence zones in species outside the Brassicaceae. The dehiscence zone of A. thaliana contains a lignified layer, while dehiscence zone tissues of the emerging orchid model Erycina pusilla include a lipid layer. Here we present an analysis of evolution and development of fruit dehiscence zones in orchids. We performed ancestral state reconstructions across the five orchid subfamilies to study the evolution of selected fruit traits and explored dehiscence zone developmental genes using RNA-seq and qPCR. We found that erect dehiscent fruits with non-lignified dehiscence zones and a short ripening period are ancestral characters in orchids. Lignified dehiscence zones in orchid fruits evolved multiple times from non-lignified zones. Furthermore, we carried out gene expression analysis of tissues from different developmental stages of E. pusilla fruits. We found that fruit dehiscence genes from the MADS-box gene family and other important regulators in E. pusilla differed in their expression pattern from their homologs in A. thaliana. This suggests that the current A. thaliana fruit dehiscence model requires adjustment for orchids. Additionally, we discovered that homologs of A. thaliana genes involved in the development of carpel, gynoecium and ovules, and genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were expressed in the fruit valves of E. pusilla, implying that these genes may play a novel role in formation of dehiscence zone tissues in orchids. Future functional analysis of developmental regulators, lipid identification and quantification can shed more light on lipid-layer based dehiscence of orchid fruits.

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“…Freshly harvested fruits were immediately immersed in 70% ethanol and stored for at least a week. For the histological analysis, anatomical fruit slices were prepared using the London Resin white embedding technique, following the method described by Pramanik et al ( 2022 ). Images of each slice were captured using an automatic stacking microscope (Carl Zeiss).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid fruit and root movement analyzed using 2D photographs and a bioinformatics pipeline for processing sequential 3D scans

Pramanik,

Vaskimo,

Batenburg

et al. 2024

Appl Plant Sci

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PremiseMost studies of the movement of orchid fruits and roots during plant development have focused on morphological observations; however, further genetic analysis is required to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A precise tool is required to observe these movements and harvest tissue at the correct position and time for transcriptomics research.MethodsWe utilized three‐dimensional (3D) micro–computed tomography (CT) scans to capture the movement of fast‐growing Erycina pusilla roots, and built an integrated bioinformatics pipeline to process 3D images into 3D time‐lapse videos. To record the movement of slowly developing E. pusilla and Phalaenopsis equestris fruits, two‐dimensional (2D) photographs were used.ResultsThe E. pusilla roots twisted and resupinated multiple times from early development. The first period occurred in the early developmental stage (77–84 days after germination [DAG]) and the subsequent period occurred later in development (140–154 DAG). While E. pusilla fruits twisted 45° from 56–63 days after pollination (DAP), the fruits of P. equestris only began to resupinate a week before dehiscence (133 DAP) and ended a week after dehiscence (161 DAP).DiscussionOur methods revealed that each orchid root and fruit had an independent direction and degree of torsion from the initial to the final position. Our innovative approaches produced detailed spatial and temporal information on the resupination of roots and fruits during orchid development.

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Inflorescence lignification of natural species and horticultural hybrids of Phalaenopsis orchids

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Variation in Shoot, Peduncle and Fruit Growth of Lagenaria siceraria Landraces

Variation in Shoot, Peduncle and Fruit Growth of Lagenaria siceraria Landraces

Evolution and development of fruits of Erycina pusilla and other orchid species

Orchid fruit and root movement analyzed using 2D photographs and a bioinformatics pipeline for processing sequential 3D scans

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