Inflorescence-visiting insects of a functionally dioecious wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris)

Zito, Pietro; Serraino, Francesca; Carimi, Francesco; Tavella, Francesca; Sajeva, Maurizio

doi:10.1007/s10722-018-0616-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Overall, the observed populations at both sites had a distinctive appearance, with a significant polymorphism in the leaves, and clusters of small, greenish-yellow flowers, which developed into black grape berries. Their growth habits and woody stems make them hardy plants, providing cover, and serving as a habitat for various animals sharing the same natural environment [36,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi)—Novel Species to the Israeli Flora

Rahimi,

Berger,

Shtein

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, grows naturally throughout the northern hemisphere, including the Mediterranean region. Wild grapevines have also been observed sporadically across the southern Levant and are considered a non-native feral plant. Nevertheless, no formal characterization has been conducted for wild grapevines in this region; thus, its taxonomical assignment remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that the wild grapevine populations growing in northern Israel are genetically separated from the feral domesticated forms. This work aimed to comprehensively describe the morphological, anatomical, and ecological traits of wild grapevines naturally thriving in two distinct habitats in Israel. The dioicous nature of the wild grapevine, the flower and pollen morphology, and the characteristic Sylvestris fruit and seed morphology, in addition to the occurrence of the natural germination of seeds in close vicinity of the mother plant, have all led to the conclusion that these plants belong to Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and should be included in the Flora Palaestina. These findings, combined with the recently published genetic evidence for these populations, significantly advance our understanding of the species’ ecology and the importance of its preservation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi)—Novel Species to the Israeli Flora

Rahimi,

Berger,

Shtein

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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“…This is a trend that deserves to be better documented. An early example of this trend is provided by grapevine, which was initially dioecious and pollinated by insects, and became hermaphroditic and self-fertile following domestication (Zito et al 2018). This illustrates a rarely emphasized difficulty with the ecosystem service concept: the service itself may become obsolete because of breeding efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong pollen limitation in genetically uniform hybrid chestnut orchards despite proximity to chestnut forests

Larue,

Petit

2023

Annals of Forest Science

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Key message In arboriculture, the number and diversity of pollen donors can have a major impact on fruit production. We studied pollination insurance in hybrid chestnut orchards (C. sativa × C. crenata) provided by nearby wild European chestnuts (C. sativa) in southwestern France. Most fruits were sired by hybrid pollenizers rather than by wild chestnuts. When these hybrid pollenizers were too scarce, a frequent situation, pollen produced by wild chestnut trees did not compensate for the lack of compatible pollen and fertilization rates and fruit production collapsed. Context The demand for chestnuts has been increasing in recent years in many European countries, but fruit production is not sufficient to meet this demand. Improving pollination service in chestnut orchards could increase fruit production. Aims Investigate pollination service in chestnut orchards. Evaluate the contribution to pollination of trees growing in chestnut woods and forests. Methods We investigated five orchards planted with hybrid chestnuts (C. sativa × C. crenata) cultivars in southwestern France. We combined fruit set data, which provide information about pollination rate, with genetic data, which provide information about pollen origin. We used this information to estimate the contribution of nearby C. sativa forest stands to the pollination of each orchard. Results Pollination rates vary considerably, being fivefold higher in orchards comprising numerous pollen donors than in monovarietal orchards. Because of asymmetric hybridization barriers between hybrid and purebred cultivars, the surrounding chestnut forests provide very limited pollination insurance: less than 14% of the flowers in these monovarietal orchards had been pollinated by forest trees. Conclusion Because chestnut orchards are now increasingly relying on hybrid cultivars, surrounding wild European chestnut trees are no longer a reliable pollen source. To achieve maximal fruit set, efforts must therefore concentrate on orchard design, which should include enough cultivar diversity.

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“…Among the significantly over-selected pollen species found only on bees caught in wooded SNH, two were mainly found in wooded or shaded habitats in our study region: Geranium robertianum L. [ 78 ] and Vitis vinifera L. The latter probably originates from former grape vines that have become rewilded, and today only survive in wooded SNH. Even if Vitis vinifera is mainly self or wind pollinated, other authors have shown that it was frequently visited by bees, who harvest the partly sterile pollen from hermaphrodite flowers [ 79 , 80 ]. The two other species with a positive Jacobs’ index that were found only on bees collected in wooded SNH, Raphanus raphanistrum L. and Papaver rhoeas L., are weeds mainly found in crop fields and on their borders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes

Rivers‐Moore

Andrieu

Vialatte

et al. 2020

Insects

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Loss of semi-natural habitats (SNH) in agricultural landscapes affects wild bees, often negatively. However, how bee communities respond varies and is still unclear. To date, few studies have used precise descriptors to understand these effects. Our aim was to understand the respective and complementary influences of different wooded and herbaceous habitats on wild bee communities. We selected thirty 500-m radius landscapes on a gradient of a percentage of wooded SNH in south-western France. At each landscape, we sampled wild bees in spring 2016 and plants in spring 2015 and 2016 at the forest edge, in a hedgerow, and in a permanent grassland. Pollen carried by the most abundant bee species was collected and identified. Using beta diversity indices, we showed that wild bee community composition differs between the three SNH types, and especially between herbaceous and wooded SNH. Based on Jacobs’ selection index, we showed that pollen of some plant species recorded in wooded SNH are preferentially selected by wild bees. Studying the impact of the loss of each SNH type on the global bee-pollen interaction network, we found that wooded SNH contributed to its resilience, enabling specific plant–bee interactions. Overall, our results underline the non-negligible contribution of wooded SNH to the diversity of wild bees in agricultural landscapes, and thus the importance of maintaining different types of SNH.

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Inflorescence-visiting insects of a functionally dioecious wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris)

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi)—Novel Species to the Israeli Flora

Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi)—Novel Species to the Israeli Flora

Strong pollen limitation in genetically uniform hybrid chestnut orchards despite proximity to chestnut forests

Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes

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