Influence of 24-epibrassinolide on seedling growth and distribution of mineral elements in two maize hybrids

Abstract

In this study, influence of wide range of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) on early growth potential of two maize hybrids (ZP 434 and ZP 704) was examined. Paper concerns germination, seedling biomass, important chlorophylls content, and redistribution of elements (heavy metals and microelements), in a seedlings of the maize hybrids, as influenced by different 24-EBL concentrations. It was found that hybrids react differently to exogenously applied hormone. The biggest differences between two examined maize hybrids considering the germination level were reached with the lowest values at 86% for ZP 704 and 72% for ZP 434, gained at the highest applied concentration of 24-EBL. Seedlings of hybrid ZP 434 reacted positively moderately in the case of shoot length and biomass under the influence of 24-EBL, but seedlings of hybrid ZP 704 had lower values of these parameters under the influence of the phytohormone. Chlorophyll a/b ratios showed that photosynthetic apparatus of seedlings of the hybrids is not active in this stage of development. It was established that 24-EBL affects seedling growth and re-allocation of naturally present mineral elements in early growth stages and that could be one of the reason for poorer growth of ZP 704 treated with various concentrations of 24-EBL, comparing to control. When applied in lower concentrations, 24-EBL is blocking toxic elements such as chromium and nickel to relocate to vital parts of plant, what was case in hybrid ZP704. In case of ZP 434, lower concentrations of 24-EBL are affecting re-allocation of Cu and Cr and these findings suggest that maize hybrid seedlings treated with lower concentrations of 24-EBL could survive and be successful in polluted areas. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR31080]

Brassinosteroid phytochormones as regulators of plant growth and modulators of pesticide and fertilizer activity

“…The same reports (Waisi et al, 2015a;Waisi, 2017a) revealed that BRs contribute to an irregular distribution of different classes of polyphenols in seedlings as the water-soluble polyphenols primarily occur in the radicle, while lipophyllic polyphenols are primarily associated with the plumule, which may affect the tolerance of maize seedlings to unfavourable environmental conditions during their early vegetative growth. Besides, the effects of BRs on redistribution of micronutrients and heavy metals in maize seedling organs were also analyzed, and a conclusion was made that they prevent their uptake and translocation to key organs (plumule and radicle) of young maize plants, which indicates that these phytohormones may be adequately used in recultivation processes in technogenically degraded soils (Waisi et al, 2017a). The used methods are explained in detail by Waisi (2016) and Waisi et al (2015aWaisi et al ( , 2017aWaisi et al ( , 2017b.…”

“…We believe that lower 24-EBL concentrations speed up biochemical and metabolic processes in the plumule and radicle of maize seedlings, which grow fast (attention to germination), while seedlings did not suffer from osmotic stress (low trehalose). The effect of BRs on germination and early vegetative growth of maize seedlings was also analyzed and an interesting correlation was revealed in the altered metabolism of sugars and polyphenols under the influence of BRs, which corresponds with high vigour of maize seedlings (Waisi et al, 2015a;Waisi et al, 2017a). The same reports (Waisi et al, 2015a;Waisi, 2017a) revealed that BRs contribute to an irregular distribution of different classes of polyphenols in seedlings as the water-soluble polyphenols primarily occur in the radicle, while lipophyllic polyphenols are primarily associated with the plumule, which may affect the tolerance of maize seedlings to unfavourable environmental conditions during their early vegetative growth.…”

“…The effect of BRs on germination and early vegetative growth of maize seedlings was also analyzed and an interesting correlation was revealed in the altered metabolism of sugars and polyphenols under the influence of BRs, which corresponds with high vigour of maize seedlings (Waisi et al, 2015a;Waisi et al, 2017a). The same reports (Waisi et al, 2015a;Waisi, 2017a) revealed that BRs contribute to an irregular distribution of different classes of polyphenols in seedlings as the water-soluble polyphenols primarily occur in the radicle, while lipophyllic polyphenols are primarily associated with the plumule, which may affect the tolerance of maize seedlings to unfavourable environmental conditions during their early vegetative growth. Besides, the effects of BRs on redistribution of micronutrients and heavy metals in maize seedling organs were also analyzed, and a conclusion was made that they prevent their uptake and translocation to key organs (plumule and radicle) of young maize plants, which indicates that these phytohormones may be adequately used in recultivation processes in technogenically degraded soils (Waisi et al, 2017a).…”

“…Besides, the effects of BRs on redistribution of micronutrients and heavy metals in maize seedling organs were also analyzed, and a conclusion was made that they prevent their uptake and translocation to key organs (plumule and radicle) of young maize plants, which indicates that these phytohormones may be adequately used in recultivation processes in technogenically degraded soils (Waisi et al, 2017a). The used methods are explained in detail by Waisi (2016) and Waisi et al (2015aWaisi et al ( , 2017aWaisi et al ( , 2017b.…”

Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon alleviates cadmium stress via the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and macronutrient content in Pisum sativum L. seedlings

“…Further, 24-EBL enhances the uptake of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in the roots, and these cations are preferentially transported to younger leaves through vascular tissues to reduce Cd translocation [ 17 ]. Moreover, 24-EBL enhances the absorption of essential inorganic ions, reducesthe uptake of toxic ions, and promotes ion homeostasis, especially K + /Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in the upper leaves, Ca 2+/ Na + and Mg 2+ /Na + in the roots, and K + /Na + in the petioles [ 2 , 123 ]. Hence, the co-application of Si+EBL reduced Cd accumulation by maintaining ion homeostasis, offering better conditions for osmotic adjustment, and blocked Cd uptake by co-precipitation.…”