Influence of a High Level of Dietary Cadmium on Cadmium Content in Milk, Excretion, and Cow Performance

Miller, W.J.; Lampp, Beverly; Powell, G.W.; Salotti, C.A.; Blackmon, D.M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(67)87642-2

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As formulated by Higbie (12) and extended by Danckwerts (13), surface renewal theory models the gas/liquid transfer process by assuming that patches of the liquid surface are periodically replaced by fluid elements from the well-mixed bulk phase below. There are several models currently available that describe this dependence (7-13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of toxic metals in the agricultural food chain. 1. Steady-state bovine milk biotransfer factors

Stevens¹

1991

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Envlron. Sci. Technoi.analyzed by SEM and EDX procedures. Figure 7a shows a SEM image of the bauxite flake. The cadmium map on the bauxite surface indicated a nonuniform cadmium distribution (Figure 7b). Comparison of the cadmium map with the aluminum and silicon maps on the flake surface (Figure 8a,b) shows that regions high in both alumina and silica have high concentrations of cadmium. As confirmed by the XRD analysis, the cadmium present in the alumina phase reacts to form a cadmium aluminate. Regions rich in both alumina and silica combine with cadmium to form a cadmium aluminum silicate. EDX analysis of regions high in both aluminum and silicon indicated that the cadmium concentration was 26 wt 5%. EDX analysis of regions high in alumina indicated that the cadmium concentration in this phase (11 wt %) was much lower than that postulated by reaction 2. This indicates that the alumina phase does not completely react with cadmium to form a cadmium aluminate. This could be due to the alumina phase having low porosity thereby preventing complete sorbent utilization. Also, formation of a higher volume product on the outer surface could inhibit further capture of cadmium.From the mechanistic study it is clear that the sorption process under present experimental conditions is influenced by diffusional resistances. In practical systems, the rate of sorption can be increased by optimization of the sorbent pore structure to facilitate intraphase transport of cadmium vapors into the sorbent. The interphase mass transport limitations can also be reduced to increase the overall sorption rate. For in situ applications, the efficiency of the sorbent can be increased by decreasing the particle size. Conclusions 1. Bauxite and, to a lower degree, kaolinite are effective sorbents for removal of cadmium in combustors and incinerators.2. The sorption mechanism and the nature of final products formed have important implications in the way 1991, 25, 1289-1294 each sorbent may be used. Compared to kaolinite, bauxite has a higher sorption rate and capacity; however, the products of sorption in bauxite are more water soluble. Therefore, kaolinite is more suitable when no leaching from the spent sorbent can be permitted.3. The overall sorption process is a complex combination of adsorption, condensation, diffusion, and chemical reactions.4. In adsorbing cadmium chloride, chlorine is not retained by either kaolinite or bauxite. Additional cleanup steps may be needed in systems where the presence of chlorine in the flue gas cannot be tolerated. Registry No. . L i t e r a t u r e Cited (1) Palmer, S. A. K.; Breton, M. A.; Nunno, T. J.; Sullivan, D. PACE Incorporated, 171 0 Douglas Drive North, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55422Pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted on published experimental data to estimate steady-state bovine milk biotransfer factors for six metals-arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel. Both long-term feeding studies and bolus oral dose data were evaluated. Our analysis indicated that, of the metals studied...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of toxic metals in the agricultural food chain. 1. Steady-state bovine milk biotransfer factors

Stevens¹

1991

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Mice treated with cadmium during pregnancy displayed a remodelled mammary gland characterized by an increase in fat content and less active alveolar epithelial cells (Ohrvik et al 2006). Similarly, exposure of lactating Holstein cows to cadmium lead to a decrease in milk production (Miller et al 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and causes alterations consistent with HIF-1α inhibition in human primary breast organoids

Rocco

Koneva

Middleton

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Chez la brebis, les concentrations dans le lait sont souvent légèrement supérieures aux concentrations sanguines [7,14]. Le lait représente une voie d'excré-tion mineure mais quotidienne pour le Cd [15]. La fraction de la dose excrétée par le chaque lot.…”

Section: Cinétique Du Cadmium Chez La Chèvreunclassified

Devenir du cadmium du lait de chèvre dans la crème et les caillés présure et lactique

Milhaud

Delacroix-Buchet²,

Han³

et al. 2000

Lait

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-Transfer of cadmium from goat milk to cream and to rennet and lactic curds. Two groups of 3 Saanen goats received a normal diet for 4 weeks; then the animals were given a cadmium (Cd)-supplemented diet; one group was fed 2 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 Cd (as cadmium chloride); the other group was fed 4 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 . Every week, one day's milks were skimmed and then transformed into cheese curds either by rennet coagulation or by lactic acidification using Lactococcus lactis. Prior to Cd administration, milk Cd levels ranged from less than 0.2 to 0.3 µg·L -1 . During Cd administration, Cd levels ranged from 0.85 to 4.6 µg·L -1 in the milks used for cheese making. The transfer of Cd from milk to cream and curds varied widely around mean values, but did not seem to be correlated with Cd concentration in the milk. The mean Cd concentration factor was 3.3 ± 0.7 in the cream, 3.5 ± 0.5 in lactic curds and 5.6 ± 0.8 in rennet curds. A quarter of the Cd contained in the original milk was found in the cream (25.3 ± 6%), about 60% in the curds (59.0 ± 8.3% in rennet curds and 56.7 ± 7.7% in lactic curds). The present study confirms previous results regarding Cd concentration in dairy products, and shows that a Cd concentration higher than 5 µg·kg -1 in French cheese can only be explained by contamination during the cheese-making process.

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Influence of a High Level of Dietary Cadmium on Cadmium Content in Milk, Excretion, and Cow Performance

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Disposition of toxic metals in the agricultural food chain. 1. Steady-state bovine milk biotransfer factors

Disposition of toxic metals in the agricultural food chain. 1. Steady-state bovine milk biotransfer factors

Cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and causes alterations consistent with HIF-1α inhibition in human primary breast organoids

Devenir du cadmium du lait de chèvre dans la crème et les caillés présure et lactique

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