Influence of acrylic coatings on the interfacial, physical, and mechanical properties of stone-based monuments

Khallaf, Mohamed K.; El‐Midany, A. A.; El-Mofty, S. E.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.06.021

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The samples were subjected to cycles of immersion in a saturated Na2SO4 solution for 4h followed by 28h of exposure to air in normal room conditions (25°C and 40% R.H.) then 16 h in an oven at 105°C [50,51].…”

Section: Salt Crystallization Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Clay, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

Aldoasri¹,

Darwish²,

Adam³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Environmental deterioration factors are constantly increasing, causing unwanted aesthetic changes to stone artworks due to exposure to various physical and chemical deterioration factors. Inorganic nanoparticlefilled polymer composites have extended their multiple functionalities to various applications, including cultural heritage conservation. Therefore, this study has examined the effects of clay, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 nanomaterials in the enhancement of the physicomechanical properties of limestone monuments, the aim of the present work being to evaluate comparatively the effectiveness of nanoparticles as consolidation and protection material for limestone artworks. The nanoparticles were added to an acrylic-based copolymer (polyethylmethacrylate (EMA)/methylacrylate (MA) (70/30), in order to improve its physiochemical and mechanical properties, and produced a significant improvement in the ability of the polymers to consolidate and protect the stone. The synthesis process of nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite has been prepared by an in situ emulsion polymerization system. The nanocomposites contained poly (EMA/MA) with a solid content of 3% [poly (EMA/MA)] in the absence and presence of 5% nanoparticles (0.15 g nanoparticles). Samples were subjected to artificial aging by relative humidity/temperature and acid/salt crystallization weathering to show the optimum conditions of durability and the effectiveness of the nano-mixture in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the stone material. To ensure that the treatment had no negative effects on the physical characteristics of the limestone, the properties of the treated limestone samples were evaluated comparatively before and after artificial aging by the conduct of microstructural (phase morphology studied by means of scanning electron microscopy) and aesthetic (colour and lightness measured by spectrophotometry) analyses. Also used were measurement of static contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the samples, total immersion water absorption, compressive Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7

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Section: Salt Crystallization Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Clay, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

Aldoasri¹,

Darwish²,

Adam³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the treated samples were put in a temperature-controlled oven "Herous-Germany" on special frames. The test consisted of 30 cycles of immersion and drying as follows: 18 h of total immersion in distilled water, then 6 h in a temperature-controlled oven at 105 °C [38,39].…”

Section: Artificial Aging Test (Wet-dry Cycles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting of Marble Stone Facades of Historic Buildings Using Multifunctional TiO2 Nanocoatings

et al. 2017

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Stone surfaces and façades of historic buildings, due to their predominately outdoor location, suffer from many deterioration factors, including air pollution, soluble salts, relative humidity (RH)/temperature, and biodeterioration, which are the main causes of decay. In particular, the façades of the buildings deteriorate with direct exposure to these factors; deformation and disfiguration of superficial decoration and formation of black crusts are often observed on the stones. The development and application of self-cleaning and protection treatments on historical and architectural stone surfaces could be a significant improvement in the conservation, protection and maintenance of Cultural Heritage. A titanium dioxide nanoparticle has become a promising photocatalytic material, owing to its ability to catalyze the complete degradation of many organic contaminants and environmental factors. In this study, TiO 2 nanoparticles, dispersed in an aqueous colloidal suspension, were applied directly to historic marble stone surfaces, by spray-coating, in order to obtain a nanometric film over the stone surface. The study started with an investigation of some properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles, to assess the feasibility of the use of TiO 2 on historic stone and architectural surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, (SEM-EDX), in order to obtain information on coating homogeneity and surface morphology, before and after artificial aging; the activity of the coated surface was evaluated through UV-light exposure, to evaluate photo-induced effects. The changes of molecular structure occurring in treated samples were spectroscopically studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); activity of the hydrophobic property of the coated surface was evaluated by Sterio microscopy, model Zeiss 2010 from Munich, Germany, equipped with photo camera S23 under 80X magnification. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through capillary water absorption, and colorimetric measurements, performed to evaluate the optical appearance. Results showed that TiO 2 nanoparticles are good candidates for coating applications on historic stone surfaces, where self-cleaning photo-induced effects are well evident; they enhanced the durability of stone surfaces toward UV aging, improved resistance to relative humidity (RH)/temperature and abrasion affect, reduced accumulation of dirt on stone surfaces when left in open air for 6 months, and did not alter the original features.

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“…Thus, the treated samples were put in a temperature-controlled oven "Herous-Germany" on special frames. This test consists of 30 cycles of immersion and drying as follows: 18 h of total immersion in distilled water then 6 h in a temperature-controlled oven at 105 • C [44,45].…”

Section: Artificial Aging Test (Wet-dry Cycles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Durability of Calcareous Stone Monuments of Ancient Egypt Using CaCO3 Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The unwanted changes in valuable historic calcareous stone monuments due to exposure to many physical and chemical effects may lead to its deterioration. The growing interest in the field of conservation of stone monuments encourages the development of consolidation and water-repellent materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CaCO 3 nanoparticles as a consolidation and protection material for calcareous stone monuments, when those nanoparticles used are dispersed in acrylic copolymer; polyethylmethacrylate (EMA)/methylacrylate (MA) (70/30), respectively. Samples were subjected to artificial aging by relative humidity/temperature to show the optimum conditions of durability and the effectiveness of the nano-mixture in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the stone material. The synthesis process of CaCO 3 nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization system. The prepared nanocomposites with 0.15 g CaCO 3 nanoparticles showed obvious transparency features and represent nanocomposites coating technology with hydrophobic, consolidating and good protection properties. Some tests were performed in order to estimate the superficial consolidating and protective effect of the treatment. The obtained nanocomposites have been characterized by TEM, while the surface morphology before and after treatment and homogeneous distribution of used consolidation materials on stone surface were examined by SEM. Improvement of stone mechanical properties was evaluated by compressive strength tests. Change in water-interaction properties was evaluated by water absorption capillarity measurements, and colorimetric measurements were used to evaluate the optical appearance. Taken together, the results indicate that CaCO 3 /polymer nanocomposite is a completely compatible, efficient material for the consolidation of artistic and architectural limestone monuments capable of enhancing the durability of limestone toward artificial aging and improving the stone mechanical properties compared to the samples treated with pure acrylic copolymer without Calcium carbonate nanoparticles.

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Influence of acrylic coatings on the interfacial, physical, and mechanical properties of stone-based monuments

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Performance of Clay, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>and CaCO<sub>3</sub> - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

Performance of Clay, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>and CaCO<sub>3</sub> - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

Protecting of Marble Stone Facades of Historic Buildings Using Multifunctional TiO2 Nanocoatings

Enhancing the Durability of Calcareous Stone Monuments of Ancient Egypt Using CaCO3 Nanoparticles

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