Influence of Additives on the Electrochemical and Interfacial Properties of SiO_x-Based Anode Materials for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract

The influence of electrolyte additives on the electrochemical and interfacial properties of SiO x -based anodes for lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S) was systematically investigated. Four different electrolyte additives, namely, lithium nitrate, vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), were added to the bare electrolyte comprising 1 M LiTFSI in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether/1,3 dioxolane in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The self-extinguishing time (SET) of the liquid electrolytes was measured. The 2032-type half-cells composed of Li/SiO x /Si/C were assembled, and their charge −discharge studies were analyzed at the 0.1 C-rate. Upon cycling, the electrode materials were subjected to surface morphology and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The interfacial properties of SiO x -based electrodes were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. Among the electrolytes examined, FEC-added electrolytes offered the lowest SET and interfacial resistance values. The superior charge–discharge properties of FEC-added electrolytes were attributed to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface layer on the electrode surface. The surface chemistry studies revealed the formation of Li2CO3 and ROCO2Li peaks on the electrode surface.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolytes Encompassing Viologen for All-Solid-State Lithium Polymer Batteries

“…After contacting lithium with the polymer electrolyte, a passivation layer formed, and it was possible to identify differences in the composition of this thin film compared with the native film. The deconvoluted C 1s spectrum showed peaks at 292.5, 289.20, 286.3, 284.2, and 282.2 eV, which are assigned to C–F, CO, C–O, C–C, and Li–C, respectively. , The F 1s spectrum showed that the peak at 688.4 eV represents C–F. In the Li 1s spectrum, the peak centered at 54.70 eV could be assigned to lithium hydroxide or alkoxide. , In the O 1s spectrum, the peaks observed at 528.9, 531.1, and 532.6 eV are assigned respectively to metal oxides, metal carbonates, and carbonyl or CO bonds.…”

“…The C–C bond obtained at 284.2202 eV (Figure ) has been considered as a reference for further plotting. The curves were fitted using 90% of Gaussian and 10% of Lorentzian Voigt peak shapes . An electron flood gun was used to neutralize the charge …”

“…The curves were fitted using 90% of Gaussian and 10% of Lorentzian Voigt peak shapes. 28 An electron flood gun was used to neutralize the charge. 29 The atomic force microscope (AFM, Dimension icon, Bruker) experiment was performed in a glovebox at room temperature.…”

A Novel EDOT/F Co‐doped PMIA Nanofiber Membrane as Separator for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Battery

“…As shown in Figure 3a, the signals of elements F and S appear, which indicated that the fluoride emulsion and EDOT were successfully doped. Moreover, the high‐resolution C 1s spectrum analysis showed that the peak located at 291.9 eV and 287.1 eV was assigned to C−F [12] and C−S [13] bonds, respectively. The test results also demonstrated that fluorine‐containing emulsion and EDOT were successfully doped in the modified PMIA membrane.…”

P-Doped Cotton Stalk Carbon for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Energy storage devices are an essential part of the energy supply system. Advanced secondary batteries can meet large-scale energy storage needs, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) , and lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, − which can store and utilize clean energy . LIB is one of the best-performing batteries, and it has been successfully applied to portable electronic products, such as mobile communication equipment, notebook computers, and digital cameras. , Li–S battery is one of the new secondary batteries, because S demonstrates a remarkable theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g –1 ). , …”