Influence of ageing on the in vivo extensibility of human skin at a low stress

Lévêque, Jean-Luc; Rigal, Jean de; Agache, P; Monneur, C.

doi:10.1007/bf00406532

Cited by 123 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Applying either suction or torsional forces to skin induces a rapid elastic deformation (U E ), followed by a slower viscoelastic deformation (U V ) until finally the total skin deformation (U F ) is reached (Fig. 4d, e) (Escoffier et al 1989;Leveque et al 1980;Rodrigues 2001;Takema et al 1994). Removing the force allows the skin to recover and the ratio of the recovery to initial deformation quantifies the ability of the skin to elastically recoil.…”

Section: Cutaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Sherratt

2009

AGE

269

189

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The ability of elastic tissues to deform under physiological forces and to subsequently release stored energy to drive passive recoil is vital to the function of many dynamic tissues. Within vertebrates, elastic fibres allow arteries and lungs to expand and contract, thus controlling variations in blood pressure and returning the pulmonary system to a resting state. Elastic fibres are composite structures composed of a cross-linked elastin core and an outer layer of fibrillin microfibrils. These two components perform distinct roles; elastin stores energy and drives passive recoil, whilst fibrillin microfibrils direct elastogenesis, mediate cell signalling, maintain tissue homeostasis via TGFβ sequestration and potentially act to reinforce the elastic fibre. In many tissues reduced elasticity, as a result of compromised elastic fibre function, becomes increasingly prevalent with age and contributes significantly to the burden of human morbidity and mortality. This review considers how the unique molecular structure, tissue distribution and longevity of elastic fibres pre-disposes these abundant extracellular matrix structures to the accumulation of damage in ageing dermal, pulmonary and vascular tissues. As compromised elasticity is a common feature of ageing dynamic tissues, the development of strategies to prevent, limit or reverse this loss of function will play a key role in reducing age-related morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Cutaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Sherratt

2009

AGE

269

189

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“…Tensile tests (uniaxial and biaxial) arc straightforward methods [5] and show a marked age dependency because the magnitude of the ini tial elastic deformation decreases with age according to the degenerative changes induced in the dermal elastic network [6] (fig. 1); compression tests give similar results with a progressive loss of elastic recovery of the skin and, thus, a progressive increase in the time required for vis coelastic recovery after deformation due to changes in the ground substance [1], Torsional extensibility has been widely investigated; torsional devices (twistometers) measure skin deforma tion after the application of a torque parallel to the skin surface [7][8][9][10], This technique reduces differences induced by anisotropic forces and allows the quantifica tion of several biomechanical parameters such as imme diate extensibility and recovery, viscoelastic deforma tion, elastic recovery and creep relaxation time.Skin biomechanics are related to the site investigated and to skin thickness: an inverse relationship exists between skin extensibility and skin thickness, the latter varying during the aging process [11]. Skin thickness slowly decreases with age; the trend is higher in men [ 12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…From a mechanical viewpoint, the skin maintains its extensibility up to the seventh decade, whereas its elastic ity or elastic recovery decreases from early decades [10]. The same findings have been reported by using an indentometric technique ¡15-19], No significant differences, beside skin thickness, were detected between men and women 110,20], and the quantification of skin elasticity or elastic recovery appears to be the more sensitive param eter to evaluate the biomechanics of the aging process.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin thickness slowly decreases with age; the trend is higher in men [ 12]. Ultrasound may provide a reliable noninvasive quantifi cation of skin thickness [ 13,14], The ventral forearm is a partially sun-protected site from actinic damage; there fore changes in the viscoelastic properties would reflect natural skin aging [ 10], Importance should be given to the forces applied to the skin surface: indeed, different forces involve different cutaneous structures and monitor differ ent functions. The use of low forces is recommended for…”

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confidence: 99%

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Skin Bioengineering in the Noninvasive Assessment of Cutaneous Aging

et al. 1991

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Cutaneous changes induced by aging can be quantified and monitored noninvasively by means of bioengineering tools. Skin elasticity, hydration, skin blood flow and skin surface pattern show age-related changes reflecting the damage of cutaneous structures involved. Impairment and degeneration of elastic and collagen networks are responsible for the progressive decrease in skin elasticity recorded during aging. Reduction in blood flow and water supply with probably defective stratum corneum binding result in reduced stratum corneum water content and transepidermal water loss. Morphological changes such as increased skin roughness pigmentation and alteration of skin surface pattern appearing from the age of 30 years onwards may be investigated at a subclinical level allowing the detection of early signs of aging.

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“…[13][14][15], the boundary conditions are well controlled. Yet at the same time the strain field is inherently nonhomogeneous.…”

Section: Analysis Of In Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ageing on the in vivo Mechanics of the Skin

Lanir

Manny

Zlotogorski

et al. 1993

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The response of the skin to common in vivo tests (in-plane uniaxial stretch, torsion, indentation and levarometry) is analyzed in terms of their suitability for ageing studies. The analysis suggests that low-load indentation and small deformation levarometry are well suited for ageing studies since the skin response under these tests can be directly related to its structure and constituent properties (known to be affected by ageing). The measured forehead skin response under these tests in ‘young’ (20–26 years) and ‘old’ (64–80 years) subjects is presented and compared with predictions of corresponding models. The results show that levarometry is more sensitive to ageing than indentometry.

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Influence of ageing on the in vivo extensibility of human skin at a low stress

Cited by 123 publications

References 11 publications

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Skin Bioengineering in the Noninvasive Assessment of Cutaneous Aging

Influence of Ageing on the in vivo Mechanics of the Skin

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