Influence of aging on deterioration of patients with COVID-19

Pang, Limin; Liu, Yi; Shen, Maoze; Ye, Jujian; Chen, Ruirong; Lan, Zhien; Wu, Zhijian; Guo, Yang; Zhang, Peidong

doi:10.18632/aging.202136

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This information has greatly promoted the research progress of aging in COVID-19 and has great significance in clinical application. Pang et al also agrees with the former, suggesting that altered receptor signals in aging and chronic disease play a role in COVID-19 infection and are associated with an increased risk of deterioration in different organs [ 46 ]. Thus, they concluded that aging may contribute to the deterioration of COVID-19 in older patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of LPV/r drugs in the treatment of SARS and MERS to provide potential treatment options for COVID-19

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2021

Aging

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experienced an outbreak that expanded worldwide. Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), which is used effectively for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infections, was applied for COVID-19 treatment given similarities in the molecular structures of these viruses. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir antiviral treatment in patients with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. After registration with INPLASY, a search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and other databases for all relevant literature on lopinavir/ritonavir treatment of SARS, MERS and COVID-19. The Cochrane Collaboration’s bias risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and RevMan 5.3 software was used to evaluate the relevant outcome indicators of the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19. A total of 18 eligible studies (including randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies) were retrieved and included with a total of 2273 patients. The lopinavir/ritonavir group exhibited an increased nucleic acid conversion rate (P=0.004), higher virus clearance rate (P<0.0001), lower mortality rate (P=0.002), and reduced incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (P=0.02) compared with the control group. No significant benefit in the improvement rate of chest CT (P=0.08) or incidence of adverse events (P=0.45) was noted. The lopinavir/ritonavir group had a lower incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (P=0.02). According to the clinical prognostic results, the incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant (P<0.0001). The efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of patients with SARS, MERS and COVID-19 was significantly better than that of the control. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events did not significantly increase. Lopinavir/ritonavir is effective in the treatment of COVID-19, and this combination should be further assessed in RCT studies. In addition, when we analyzed the differences in age and sex, we found that the differences were statistically significant in the safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with COVID-19, and both of these factors played a significant role in the trial.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of LPV/r drugs in the treatment of SARS and MERS to provide potential treatment options for COVID-19

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2021

Aging

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“…SARS-CoV-2 employs a host cell surface protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, as a receptor for cellular entry 11 . A number of recent studies have suggested that the expression of ACE2 is both tissue and age-dependent 12, 13 , and differences in ACE2 expression between children and adults were proposed to contribute to less severe disease in children. At single cell level, viral entry genes were shown to be most highly expressed in the nasal epithelium in healthy adults 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The local and systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults

Yoshida¹,

Worlock²,

Huang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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While a substantial proportion of adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 progress to develop severe disease, children rarely manifest respiratory complications. Therefore, understanding differences in the local and systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection between children and adults may provide important clues about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To address this, we first generated a healthy reference multi-omics single cell data set from children (n=30) in whom we have profiled triple matched samples: nasal and tracheal brushings and PBMCs, where we track the developmental changes for 42 airway and 31 blood cell populations from infancy, through childhood to adolescence. This has revealed the presence of naive B and T lymphocytes in neonates and infants with a unique gene expression signature bearing hallmarks of innate immunity. We then contrast the healthy reference with equivalent data from severe paediatric and adult COVID-19 patients (total n=27), from the same three types of samples: upper and lower airways and blood. We found striking differences: children with COVID-19 as opposed to adults had a higher proportion of innate lymphoid and non-clonally expanded naive T cells in peripheral blood, and a limited interferon-response signature. In the airway epithelium, we found the highest viral load in goblet and ciliated cells and describe a novel inflammatory epithelial cell population. These cells represent a transitional regenerative state between secretory and ciliated cells; they were found in healthy children and were enriched in pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients. Epithelial cells display an antiviral and neutrophil-recruiting gene signature that is weaker in severe paediatric versus adult COVID-19. Our matched blood and airway samples allowed us to study the spatial dynamics of infection. Lastly, we provide a user-friendly interface for this data as a highly granular reference for the study of immune responses in airways and blood in children.

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“…Age is a special and important factor in the lifetime of humans, which is characterized with inevitable and internal steady growth. In the different phases of life cycle (young, adult and old), individuals present different biological characteristics and disease risk [ 24 , 25 ]. Previous studies have suggested that age could affect the microbial composition and functions in the mouse and cynomolgus macaques [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agomelatine might be more appropriate for elderly, depressed, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than paroxetine/fluoxetine

Liang

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2021

Aging

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Agomelatine was a novel and melatonergic antidepressant. The present study was conducted to find out whether age was an important factor for agomelatine in treating depressed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In total, 193 depressed T2DM patients were included. There were 84 patients ranged from 27 years old to 49 years old (age phase I) ( n = 44 receiving agomelatine, n = 40 receiving paroxetine or fluoxetine), and 109 patients ranged from 50 years old to 70 years old (age phase II) ( n = 56 receiving agomelatine, n = 53 receiving paroxetine or fluoxetine). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and body mass index (BMI) were assessed after 12 weeks treatment. After treatment, we found that among patients in age phase I, there were no significant differences in final average HDRS score, HARS score, FPG, HbA1c level, BMI, response rate and remission rate between the two groups. However, among patients in age phase II, compared to patients receiving paroxetine or fluoxetine, patients receiving agomelatine had the significantly lower average HDRS score, HARS score, HbA1c level and BMI, and significantly higher response rate and remission rate. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar between the two groups in both age phases. These results suggested that age was an important factor for agomelatine in treating depressed T2DM patients. Compared to paroxetine/fluoxetine, agomelatine might be more appropriate for elderly depressed T2DM patients.

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Influence of aging on deterioration of patients with COVID-19

Cited by 15 publications

References 105 publications

Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of LPV/r drugs in the treatment of SARS and MERS to provide potential treatment options for COVID-19

Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of LPV/r drugs in the treatment of SARS and MERS to provide potential treatment options for COVID-19

The local and systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults

Agomelatine might be more appropriate for elderly, depressed, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than paroxetine/fluoxetine

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