Influence of Alloxan Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on the
Activity of Alanine Aminotransferase in Rat Brain Regions,
Liver and Heart

Kazmi, Syed M.I.; Baquer, Najma Zaheer

doi:10.1159/000469363

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[ 19,20 ] Despite this, the brain tissue showed higher activity of the transaminases and AST in the soluble fraction of the cerebellum. [ 49 ] In the current research, we found that the brain AST and ALT activities of diabetic animals significantly increased in comparison to non‐treated rats. The decreased brain tissue transaminase activities in diabetics treated with VOL were observed to be even lower than that of the normal group rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Protective effects of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) on oxidative brain injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Tunalı

Bal‐Demirci

Ülküseven

et al. 2022

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Diabetes is usually accompanied by increased production of free radicals or impaired antioxidant defenses. The brain is a target tissue of the oxidative attacks caused by diabetes, and there are observed changes in the biochemical parameters of this tissue in the hyperglycemic state. In this study, we aimed to show the effect of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) (VOL) compound on diabetic damaged brain tissue, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on 3.0–3.5‐month‐old male rats. Single dose of STZ at 65 mg/kg was used to make rats diabetic. Four groups were created randomly. Group (i): control (intact) animals; Group (ii): VOL given control animals; Group (iii): STZ‐induced diabetic animals; and Group (iv): orally VOL administered STZ‐induced diabetic rats. VOL (0.2 mM/kg/day) administration to control and diabetic animals was performed for a period of 12 days. At the end of day 12, the brain tissues were taken and homogenized. The clear supernatants were used for the determination of glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG), and protein levels. Alanine and aspartate transaminases and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), and oxidative stress marker enzymes activities were also estimated from the homogenates. According to the obtained results, there is found significant elevation of MDA and NEG levels and activities of transaminases, MPO and XO; whereas the GSH content and the activities of AChE and antioxidant enzymes were strongly decreased in the STZ‐induced diabetic brain tissues in comparison to control group animals. Twelve days of administration of VOL complex to the diabetic animals reversed all biochemical parameters significantly in diabetic brain tissues. Our findings suggest that the VOL complex may be an ideal candidate to be used as an anti diabetic agent to improve oxidative injury and protect the brain tissue against damage caused by diabetes. This healing effect of the VOL complex may be due to its antioxidant activity and the insulin‐mimetic effects of vanadium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Protective effects of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) on oxidative brain injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Tunalı

Bal‐Demirci

Ülküseven

et al. 2022

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…Myocardial alanine levels have been shown to increase in experimental model of diabetes (Scharff and Wool 1966). Furthermore cardiac activity of alanine aminotransferase increases in diabetes (Kazmi and Baquer 1985) and seems to predict coronary heart disease events (Schindhelm et al 2007). In the non-diabetic CAD patients, alanine was significantly higher in the LV compared to RV (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac taurine and principal amino acids in right and left ventricles of patients with either aortic valve stenosis or coronary artery disease: the importance of diabetes and gender

et al. 2014

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Free intracellular taurine and principal α-amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine and alanine) are abundant in human heart. They are cellular regulators and their concentration can change in response to disease and cardiac insults and have been shown to differ between hypertrophic left ventricle (LV) and the relatively "normal" right ventricle (RV) in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS). This difference has not been shown for coronary artery disease (CAD) and there are no studies that have simultaneously compared amino acid content in LV and RV from different pathologies. In this study we investigated the effect of disease on taurine and principal amino acids in both LV and RV, measured in myocardial biopsies collected from patients with either AVS (n = 22) or CAD (n = 36). Amino acids were extracted and measured using HPLC. Intra-and inter-group analysis was performed as well as subgroup analysis focusing on gender in AVS and type 2 diabetes in CAD. LV of both groups has significantly higher levels of taurine compared to RV. This difference disappears in both diabetic CAD patients and in male AVS patients. Alanine was the only α-amino acid to be altered by diabetes. LV of female AVS patients had significantly more glutamate, aspartate and asparagine than corresponding RV, whilst no difference was seen between LV and RV in males. LV of females has higher glutamate and glutamine and less metabolic stress than LV of males. This work shows that in contrast to LV, RV responds differently to disease which can be modulated by gender and diabetes.

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A metabolic and functional overview of brain aging linked to neurological disorders

et al. 2009

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Close correlations have recently been shown among the late onset complications encountered in diabetes and aging linked to neurobiological disorders. Aging in females and males is considered as the end of natural protection against age related diseases like osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, dementia, cognitive dysfunction and hypernatremia. Beside the sex hormones other hormonal changes are also known to occur during aging and many common problems encountered in the aging process can be related to neuroendocrine phenomena. Diabetes mellitus is associated with moderate cognitive deficits and neurophysiologic and structural changes in the brain, a condition that may be referred to as diabetes encephalopathy; diabetes increases the risk of dementia especially in the elderly. The current view is that the diabetic brain features many symptoms that are best described as accelerated brain aging. This review presents and compares biochemical, physiological, electrophysiological, molecular, and pathological data from neuronal tissue of aging and hormone treated control and diabetic animals to arrive at the similarities among the two naturally occuring physiological conditions. Animal models can make a substantial contribution to understanding of the pathogenesis, which share many features with mechanism underlying brain aging. By studying the pathogenesis, targets for pharmacology can be identified, finally leading to delay or prevention of these complications. Antiaging strategies using hormone therapy, chemical and herbal compounds were carried out for reversal of aging effects. Neuronal markers have been presented in this review and similarities in changes were seen among the aging, diabetes and hormone treated (estrogen, DHEA and insulin) brains from these animals. A close correlation was observed in parameters like oxidative stress, enzyme changes, and pathological changes like lipofuscin accumulation in aging and diabetic brain.

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Influence of Alloxan Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on the Activity of Alanine Aminotransferase in Rat Brain Regions, Liver and Heart

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Protective effects of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) on oxidative brain injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Protective effects of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) on oxidative brain injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Cardiac taurine and principal amino acids in right and left ventricles of patients with either aortic valve stenosis or coronary artery disease: the importance of diabetes and gender

A metabolic and functional overview of brain aging linked to neurological disorders

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