Influence of artificial aging on the lubricating ability of water miscible metalworking fluids

Seidel, B.R.; Meyer, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s11740-019-00891-6

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The methodical approach of the presented work is schematically depicted in Figure 2. Seidel and Meyer, which are partly shown below [14]. However, in a metalworking fluid that is subjected to a natural aging process, the evaluated aspects do not occur isolated from each other.…”

Section: Methodical Approach and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…. 10% (in concentrate) variation of polysulfide (PS) [3,5,8] The selected aspects, the boundaries of the examined parameter variations, and the effect of a higher concentration on the worn area A are summarized in Figure 5 according to [14]. The appearance of cell bodies is a consequence of the aging processes in water-miscible metalworking fluids.…”

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decreasing emulsifier concentration leads to a decline in the lubrication ability, as the results showed. The smaller the droplet size, the better the droplets can reach the contact zone between the friction partners [14]. Figure 5.…”

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to achieve a complete picture of the aging aspects investigated and to analyze possible interactions between the aspects, a further evaluation of the aging aspects was carried out employing the central composite design, which is Figure 5. Influence of separated aging aspects on lubricity according to [14]. Another aspect of the aging process of metalworking fluid is the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs).…”

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Separate evaluation of the individual aspects is of great relevance for the investigation of metalworking fluid aging. Regarding this, initial results have been presented by Seidel and Meyer, which are partly shown below [14]. However, in a metalworking fluid that is subjected Lubricants 2019, 7, 94 3 of 12 to a natural aging process, the evaluated aspects do not occur isolated from each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Lubricity of Metalworking Fluids by Means of Design of Experiment

Seidel

Meyer

2019

Lubricants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of complex aging processes in water-miscible metalworking fluids on process performance is of high relevance for the metalworking industry. Because of the highly dynamic interactions in the complex "metalworking fluid" ecosystem, a distinct correlation between the aging process and the performance of the fluid in metalworking processes is hardly possible. Consequences of the aging process on physical, chemical, and biological properties of the fluid include aspects such as the decrease of the pH value, the increase of the droplet size in emulsions, the presence of bacterial cells, or the modification of the metalworking fluid composition. In the presented work, the influences of these aging aspects on the lubricity of metalworking fluids were investigated individually. A test series has been carried out, which was planned with a design of experiments method, to investigate interactions between the aging aspects regarding lubricity. In addition, the results enabled the development of an empirical regression model, which allowed an integrated description of the influence of the relevant aging aspects.Lubricants 2019, 7, 94 2 of 12 system, and the temperature is constantly within a convenient sector. The microorganisms can utilize the wide range of chemical compounds in metalworking fluids almost entirely to cover their demand of carbon and energy [5]. An intense maintenance of the cooling lubricant is crucial for a long service life, whereby particular attention is given to the bacterial load. The colonization of metalworking fluids by microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi has been investigated since the 1940s and is still the subject of various research activities [6][7][8][9][10][11]. When the fluid has been colonized, microbial growth in metalworking fluids can neither be completely avoided nor is the initial state of the fluid composition recoverable. Within a few weeks, the microbial load of metalworking fluids can reach a level of 10 7 (or more) colony-forming units per milliliter [8,10]. The standard method of avoiding bacterial load is the addition of biocidal products such as bactericides and fungicides [9]. The treatment with ultrasound, ozone, or UV radiation are further strategies [11]. All those methods reveal specific disadvantages, such as negative influence on emulsion properties, localized or selective impact, or they are harmful to health and the environment [1].Simultaneous to a decreasing number of additives over time due to the metabolic activity of microorganisms, compounds of microbial origin are released continuously in the metalworking fluid, such as low-molecular metabolites, surface-active agents, or extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The changes taking place in the cooling lubricant are shown schematically in Figure 1. Other consequences of bacterial colonization are decreasing pH values, increasing droplet sizes [8], or mechanical problems in the metalworking fluid cycle due to clogging of filters, pumps, and so on, by biofilms [7]. Further changes in the metalw...

show abstract

Section: Methodical Approach and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aging Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Lubricity of Metalworking Fluids by Means of Design of Experiment

Seidel

Meyer

2019

Lubricants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Tribological behaviour of AISI 1045 carbon steel in metalworking fluid containing Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Dong

Han

et al. 2022

Lubrication Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microbial contamination of metalworking fluid (MWF) has been increasingly recognised as an issue in the machining industry. To investigate the effects of microbes on the tribological behaviour of AISI 1045 carbon steel in the MWF, a strain of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes was isolated from waste metalworking fluid (WMWF). The biodegradation of MWF and the tribological behaviour of carbon steel in MWF in the presence of bacteria and its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were studied. The results showed that the buffer agent and emulsifier were severely biodegraded. The lubricity of the MWF increased first and then dramatically decreased, resulting in a similar trend for the wear of carbon steel in MWF upon prolonging the culture time. The wear mechanism of carbon steel involved a transformation from abrasive wear into tribo‐corrosion wear. Remarkably, the lubricity of the MWF was enhanced during the exponential microbial growth stage due to the synergistic reduction in friction by the layer of adsorbed EPS and the additive layer.

show abstract

The impact of usage on the performance of lubricating emulsions in micro-forming

Arinbjarnar,

Rahemipoor,

Christiansen

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lubricants are known to change over time, both in terms of aging of the oil and additives, and additive depletion through use. Samples were extracted at intervals from an industrial micro-deep drawing process line to evaluate how the lubricant changes over time. Four-ball testing showed that the tribological performance degraded quickly but stabilised after one million strokes. Measuring of the pH-level and correlation with the oil concentration showed that the emulsion initially becomes more acidic but stabilises after one million strokes, despite changes in oil concentration. Elemental analysis using water inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis standard showed that particles in the lubricant could be related to an increasing formation of wear debris. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was used to evaluate changes in chemical composition of the base oil. Lubricant properties were found to degrade in samples obtained from the onset of the production, while they stabilised for samples that had been in use for a period of more than 1 week. The performance of the used lubricant is therefore different from that of the fresh lubricant, with four-ball wear scars increasing by approximately 30%. These results show that when tribological tests are tailored to industrial tribo-systems, the lubricant that is used in the test should be the steady state lubricant found in the real system rather than fresh lubricant.

show abstract

Influence of artificial aging on the lubricating ability of water miscible metalworking fluids

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Lubricity of Metalworking Fluids by Means of Design of Experiment

Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Lubricity of Metalworking Fluids by Means of Design of Experiment

Tribological behaviour of AISI 1045 carbon steel in metalworking fluid containing Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

The impact of usage on the performance of lubricating emulsions in micro-forming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About