“…This combination of properties is a result of the transformation of retained austenite to martensite during straining, which is referred to as the TRIP effect. The ability of the retained austenite to transform during deformation is affected by many factors, such as (i) the local carbon content of the austenite (van Dijk et al, 2005;Blondé et al, 2012); (ii) the grain size of the retained austenite (Jimenez-Melero et al, 2007); (iii) its morphology (Xiong et al, 2013); (iv) the constraining effect of the phases surrounding the austenite (Timokhina et al, 2004;Jacques et al, 2001); and (v) its crystallographic orientation (Blondé et al, 2012;Kruijver et al, 2003;Muransky et al, 2008;Hilkhuijsen et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2011;Hilkhuijsen, 2013). The influence of austenite orientation on transformation stability is generally attributed to an orientation-dependent mechanical driving force (Hilkhuijsen et al, 2013;Creuziger & Foecke, 2010;.…”