Influence of blood pressure on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) examined based on percentage change during general anesthesia

Kim, Barkhwa; Takada, Koji; Oka, Shunichi; Misaki, Toru

doi:10.1038/hr.2011.31

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…CAVI is an index of arterial stiffness reflecting the elastic properties of the arterial wall between the aortic arch and the distal arteries of the lower extremities and it is considered to be independent of blood pressure at the time of measurement [12-14,17,18]. CAVI has proven to be valid and reproducible [19,20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Gylling

Halonen

Lindholm

et al. 2013

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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BackgroundThe hypocholesterolemic effect of plant stanol ester consumption has been studied extensively, but its effect on cardiovascular health has been less frequently investigated. We studied the effects of plant stanol esters (staest) on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults without lipid medication.MethodsNinety-two asymptomatic subjects, 35 men and 57 women, mean age of 50.8±1.0 years (SEM) were recruited from different commercial companies. It was randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel trial and lasted 6 months. The staest group (n=46) consumed rapeseed oil-based spread enriched with staest (3.0 g of plant stanols/d), and controls (n=46) the same spread without staest. Arterial stiffness was assessed via the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in large and as an augmentation index (AI) in peripheral arteries, and endothelial function as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Lipids and vascular endpoints were tested using analysis of variance for repeated measurements.ResultsAt baseline, 28% of subjects had a normal LDL cholesterol level (≤3.0 mmol/l) and normal arterial stiffness (<8). After the intervention, in the staest group, serum total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations declined by 6.6, 10.2, and 10.6% compared with controls (p<0.001 for all). CAVI was unchanged in the whole study group, but in control men, CAVI tended to increase by 3.1% (p=0.06) but was unchanged in the staest men, thus the difference in the changes between groups was statistically significant (p=0.023). AI was unchanged in staest (1.96±2.47, NS) but increased by 3.30±1.83 in controls (p=0.034) i.e. the groups differed from each other (p=0.046). The reduction in LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels achieved by staest was related to the improvement in RHI (r=−0.452, p=0.006 and −0.436, p=0.008).ConclusionsLowering LDL and non-HDL cholesterol by 10% with staest for 6 months reduced arterial stiffness in small arteries. In subgroup analyses, staest also had a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness in large arteries in men and on endothelial function. Further research will be needed to confirm these results in different populations.Trial registrationClinical Trials Register # NCT01315964

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Gylling

Halonen

Lindholm

et al. 2013

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CAVI is an index of arterial stiffness representing the elastic properties of arterial wall between aortic arch and distal arteries of the lower extremities and is considered to be independent of blood pressure at the time of measurement [2-5]. CAVI has proven to be valid and reproducible [13,14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artery health can be evaluated non-invasively via surrogate markers i.e. arterial stiffness [2-5] and endothelial function [6]. The main beneficial lifestyle habits influencing the LDL cholesterol concentration are 1) low intake of cholesterol and total fats, especially those of saturated fats, 2) maintaining normal body weight, 3) ensuring regular physical activity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and cardiovascular health in asymptomatic normo- and mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolemic participants – baseline data from the BLOOD FLOW intervention study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFor decades in Finland, intensive population strategies and preventive activities have been used to lower the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). Lifestyle changes, with the emphasis on diet, play an important role in preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial function in asymptomatic free-living adults and to relate the results to CHD risk factors and lifestyle habits with the emphasis on diet.MethodsNinety-four asymptomatic participants were recruited by advertisements in four large companies and two research institutes employing mainly office workers. Arterial stiffness was assessed as the cardio-ankle vascular index in large arteries, and endothelial function as the reactive hyperemia index with peripheral arterial tonometry. The systematic Cardiovascular Risk Estimation (SCORE) was calculated.ResultsThe data was collected in the spring of 2011. Anthropometric, dietary, and lipid data was available from 92 participants, blood pressure from 85 and vascular measurements from 86–88 subjects (38% males; 62% females; mean age of all 51). The majority (72%) had an elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration and over half were overweight or obese. SCORE stated that 49% of the participants had a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease. When compared to general recommendations, half of the participants had too high intake of total fat and in 66% the consumption of saturated fat was too high. In contrast, the intake of carbohydrates was too low in 90% of the participants and for fiber 73% were below recommendations. There was evidence of borderline or increased arterial stiffness in 72% of the participants and endothelial function was impaired in 8%. Arterial stiffness was associated with LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.024), dietary cholesterol intake (p = 0.029), and SCORE (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic middle-aged participants, the half had a moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases manifested as increased arterial stiffness, elevated LDL cholesterol concentration, and poor dietary habits. The new observation that arterial stiffness was associated with dietary cholesterol intake and SCORE emphasizes the urgency of adequate lifestyle and dietary interventions to prevent future coronary events even in asymptomatic participants.Trial registrationClinical Trials Register # NCT01315964

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“…In comparison to the PWV, the CAVI has distinctive features. For example, the CAVI changes over a short period of time in response to alterations in circulatory conditions, reflecting the state of smooth muscle contractions, rather than changes in blood pressure 37) . Moreover, the CAVI is not related to systolic or diastolic blood pressure 17,36) ; therefore, it is considered to be superior to PWV as an index of arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia, Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community-based Population: The Toon Health Study

Alberto

Tanigawa

Maruyama

et al. 2014

JAT

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Aim: Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (NIH), a primary marker of obstructive sleep apnea, has increasingly been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between NIH and arterial stiffness as measured according to the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) based on cardiovascular risk factors in a Japanese community-dwelling population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Toon city among 684 men and 1,241 women 30-79 years of age. The severity of NIH was defined as mild or moderate-to-severe according to five or 15 events/hour on the 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI), respectively. Increased arterial stiffness was diagnosed according to a CAVI of ≥ 9. Results: The number of subjects with no, mild and moderate-to-severe NIH was 1,348 (70%), 451 (23%) and 126 (7%), respectively. Increased arterial stiffness was detected in 21.9% of the participants. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of severe NIH related to an increased CAVI in comparison with a 3% ODI of ＜5 was 1.36 (0.82-2.23). The stratified logistic regression analysis showed that the multivariable-adjusted OR of severe NIH for an increased CAVI was remarkably increased in the individuals with a BMI of ≥ 25 (OR = 2.53, 1.08-5.96; p = 0.03). An interaction test showed a trend for an overweight status to be a modifier of the association between OSA and increased arterial stiffness (p = 0.05). Conclusions: NIH has a tendency to promote increased arterial stiffness as measured according to the CAVI, especially in overweight subjects.

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Influence of blood pressure on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) examined based on percentage change during general anesthesia

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: a randomised controlled clinical trial

The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Diet and cardiovascular health in asymptomatic normo- and mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolemic participants – baseline data from the BLOOD FLOW intervention study

Relationships between Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia, Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community-based Population: The Toon Health Study

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