Influence of cervical preflaring on determination of apical file size in maxillary molars: SEM analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. Fifty first molars with degree of curvature of the mesiobuccal root between 10 degrees and 15 degrees were utilized. After standard access opening and removal of pulp tissue, the working length (WL) was determined at 1 mm from the root apex. Five groups (n=10) were formed at random, according to the type of cervical preflaring performed. In group 1, the size of the initial apical file was determined without cervical preflaring. In groups 2 to 5, the cervical and middle thirds of the canals were preflared with Gates-Glidden drills, K3 Orifice Opener instruments, ProTaper instruments and LA Axxess burs, respectively. Canals were sized manually with K-files, starting with size 08 K-files, inserted passively up to the WL. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL and the size of the file was recorded. The binding instruments were fixed into the canals at the WL with methylcyanacrylate. Cross-sections of the WL region were examined under scanning electron microscopy and the discrepancies between the canal diameter and the diameter of first file to bind at the WL were calculated using UTHSCSA ImageTool software. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and multiple comparisons were done by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. Significant differences (p<0.001) were found among the groups. The major discrepancy was observed for the group without preflaring (mean 0.1543 mm +/- 0.0216). Cervical preflaring with LA Axxess burs produced the least discrepancies between the canal size and the diameter of the initial apical instrument (mean 0.026 mm +/- 0.0037), followed by ProTaper files (mean 0.0567 mm +/- 0.0354). Canals preflared with Gates-Glidden drills and K3 Orifice Opener instruments showed statistically similar discrepancy results to each other (p>0.05) (means 0.1167 mm +/- 0.0231 and 0.1313 mm +/- 0.0344, respectively). In conclusion, preflaring of the cervical and middle thirds improved the determination of the initial apical instrument. Canals preflared with LA Axxess burs showed a more accurate binding of the files to the anatomical diameter at the WL in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars.

Patência apical nos canais radiculares dos primeiros molares superiores

“…Um estudo realizado para avaliar o diâmetro anatômico dos canais radiculares, confirmou a necessidade de realizar o preparo cervical prévio para eliminar a aposição de dentina na região cervical dos molares, de modo que o instrumento consiga alcançar o terço apical sem sofrer deflexões cervicais (27). Outros estudos mostraram, também, a importância do pré alargamento cervical na determinação do diâmetro anatômico e do instrumento apical inicial (4,5).…”

“…Por apresentarem curvatura na porção cervical dos canais radiculares, o acesso em linha reta, tanto dos instrumentos endodônticos como das soluções irrigadoras e dos materiais obturadores à porção apical do canal radicular é dificultado (2). A realização do desgaste cervical em molares resulta em diferentes benefícios ao tratamento do canal radicular, tais como a melhor determinação do comprimento de trabalho (3), a determinação mais precisa do instrumento apical inicial (4,5) e diminuição do risco de ocorrência de desvio apical durante a instrumentação do canal radicular (6).…”

Influence of the Cervical Enlargement in Determining the Diameter of the First File and Establishing the Working Length

“…These results are in agreement with those found by other authors. [6][7][8][15][16][17][19][20][21] The group using Gates-Glidden drills and stainless steel hand files had a higher increase in the diameter of the file when compared to the system ProTaper and K3. It is likely that the use of drills and hand tools promoted greater dilation of the cervical and middle thirds, an important factor for more precise adjustment of apical file.…”

Avaliação histológica da limpeza dos canais radiculares promovida por diferentes métodos de irrigação e análise tomográfica da área apical no comprimento de trabalho

“…A determinação in vitro do diâmetro anatômico apical tem sido muito pesquisada (BARROSO et al, 2005;IBELLI et al, 2007;PAQUÉ et al, 2010;PÉCORA et al, 2005;SCHMITZ et al 2008;VANNI et al, 2005;WU et al, 2000;WU et al, 2002). Os autores afirmam que o melhor resultado na seleção do instrumento apical inicial mostrou-se mais preciso quando o preparo cervical foi previamente realizado.…”

“…Assim, neste trabalho, o preparo cervical dos dentes foi realizado com brocas L.A. Axxess ® , pela sua eficácia (BARROSO et al, 2005;IBELLI et al, 2007PÉCORA et al, 2005VANNI et al 2005).…”