Influence of Chaoborus density on the effects of an insecticide on zooplankton communities in ponds

Hanazato, Takayuki; Yasuno, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/bf00007118

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…10. Carbaryl, a neurotoxin, can alter the food web by eliminating small animals (i.e., invertebrates; Hanazato and Yasuno 1987, 1990, Mills 2002, while atrazine, a photosynthesis inhibitor, can alter the food web by reducing algal populations (Fairchild et al 1994, Diana et al 2000. Numbers represent the concentration of carbaryl (in milligrams per liter) and atrazine (in micrograms per liter), respectively, to which the ponds were originally exposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field studies suggest that the main effect of this insecticide for amphibian communities is indirect rather than direct (Mills 2002). The indirect effect occurs mainly by reducing or eliminating zooplankton populations, which are sensitive to insecticides (Mayer andEllersieck 1986, Hanazato andYasuno 1990). A reduction in zooplankton causes an algal bloom that can increase survival and mass at metamorphosis for herbivores (e.g., anurans; Semlitsch 2002, Mills 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions of an Insecticide, Herbicide, and Natural Stressors in Amphibian Community Mesocosms

Boone¹,

James

2003

Ecological Applications

171

143

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Amphibians developing in wetlands embedded within or near agricultural lands may frequently encounter chemical mixtures. The objectives of our study were to determine the effects that post-application concentrations of an insecticide (carbaryl) and an herbicide (atrazine) have on body mass, development, and survival of two anuran species (southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala; American toad, Bufo americanus) and two caudate species (spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum; small-mouthed salamander, A. texanum) reared in outdoor cattle tank mesocosms. In one experiment, we manipulated tadpole density (low or high), carbaryl exposure (0, 3.5, 7.0 mg/L), and atrazine exposure (0 or 200 g/L) to test for effects on development, mass, and survival of larvae. In a second experiment, we manipulated pond hydroperiod (constant or drying), carbaryl exposure (0 or 5 mg/L), and atrazine exposure (0 or 200 g/L) to test for effects on mass, time, and survival to metamorphosis. Salamanders were virtually eliminated in carbaryl treatments, indicating that at realistic levels, this insecticide could cause population declines for salamanders in contaminated habitats. Carbaryl also had negative effects on toad survival. Exposure to atrazine had negative effects on body size, development, and time to metamorphosis in anuran species, which were associated with reduced chlorophyll levels. Both chemicals interacted significantly with density or hydroperiod, indicating that the environmental conditions could influence the impact of a contaminant. A significant atrazine-bycarbaryl interaction resulted in smaller and less developed spotted salamander larvae than in control ponds. Atrazine exposure, however, appeared to moderate negative effects of carbaryl for spotted salamanders. Our research suggests that important changes in the community's food web result from chemical exposure, which influence the susceptibility of amphibian species to contaminants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of an Insecticide, Herbicide, and Natural Stressors in Amphibian Community Mesocosms

Boone¹,

James

2003

Ecological Applications

171

143

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“…Cladoceran species are more sensitive to anthropogenic toxic chemicals, such as insecticides and heavy metals, than are other zooplankton groups, such as rotifers and copepods (Hanazato 1991;Hanazato and Yasuno 1990;Havens 1994;Wong et al 2009). Although cladocerans are the most vulnerable animals to such chemical stresses, they serve as the major grazers in natural food webs, which consist of numerous biological interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of insecticide toxicity among seven cladoceran species

2010

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The sensitivities of seven cladoceran species (Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Chydorus sphaericus, Daphnia galeata, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Moina macrocopa, Scapholeberis kingi, and Simocephalus vetulus) to carbamate insecticides (carbaryl and methomyl) were investigated by acute toxicity tests. The sensitivities to carbaryl and methomyl were highly correlated among the tested organisms, but the co-tolerance level varied markedly among species. C. reticulata showed the highest sensitivity, whereas M. macrocopa and S. kingi showed the lowest sensitivities to the two insecticides. These results indicate that the degree of chemical impacts on natural communities can vary depending on cladoceran species composition. The highly positive correlation between the EC(50) values for both insecticides indicates that the two chemicals have a shared mode of action on cladoceran species. Unlike previous reports, acute toxicity was not correlated with body size. The results are discussed in relation to community-level experiments, the functions of freshwater ecosystems, and ecological risk assessment.

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“…For such purposes, many calibrated individuals of selected invertebrate species, subspecies, or strains must be maintained under conditions that would be stressful for most vertebrates. In mesocosms or field-scale testing, macroinvertebrates have been widely used for experimental assessment of both risk and impact of chemicals (249,250,(333)(334)(335)(336)(337)(338)(339)(340)(341)(342)(343)(344)(345)(346)(347)(348)(349)(350)(351).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrates in Testing of Environmental Chemicals: Are They Alternatives?

Lagadic¹,

Caquet²

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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An enlarged interpretation of alternatives in toxicology testing includes the replacement of one animal species with another, preferably a nonmammalian species. This paper reviews the potential of invertebrates in testing environmental chemicals and provides evidence of their usefulness in alternative testing methodologies. The first part of this review addresses the use of invertebrates in laboratory toxicology testing. Problems in extrapolating results obtained in invertebrates to those obtained from vertebrates are noted, suggesting that invertebrates can essentially be used in addition to rather than as replacements for vertebrates in laboratory toxicity tests. However, evaluation of the ecologic impact of environmental chemicals must include defining end points that may frequently differ from those classically used in biomedical research. In this context, alternative approaches using invertebrates may be more pertinent. The second part of the review therefore focuses on the use of invertebrates in situ to assess the environmental impact of pollutants. Advantages of invertebrates in ecotoxicologic investigation are presented for their usefulness for seeking mechanistic links between effects occurring at the individual level and consequences for higher levels of biologic organization (e.g., population and community). In the end, it is considered that replacement of vertebrates by invertebrates in ecotoxicity testing is likely to become a reality when basic knowledge of metabolic, physiologic, and developmental patterns in the latter will be sufficient to assess the effect of a given chemical through end points that could be different between invertebrates and vertebrates. EnvironHealth Perspect 1 06(Suppl 2):593-611 http://ehpnetl .niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/Suppl-2/ 593-61 llagadic/abstract.html

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Influence of Chaoborus density on the effects of an insecticide on zooplankton communities in ponds

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Interactions of an Insecticide, Herbicide, and Natural Stressors in Amphibian Community Mesocosms

Interactions of an Insecticide, Herbicide, and Natural Stressors in Amphibian Community Mesocosms

A comparative study of insecticide toxicity among seven cladoceran species

Invertebrates in Testing of Environmental Chemicals: Are They Alternatives?

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