Influence of Chip Materials on Charge Generation in Flowing Solution in Nanobiosensors

Abstract

Nowadays, nanobiosensors are being intensively developed due to the potential possibilities of their use for early diagnosis of diseases. This interest is enhanced by the fact that, as is known, a pathological process at an early stage is characterized by the appearance of marker proteins at very low (10−15 M and lower) concentrations in blood. Highly-sensitive nanobiosensor systems (including those based on an atomic force microscope, AFM) allows one to detect proteins at such low concentrations. The influence of the charge generated in the analyte solution flowing through the biosensor injector into the measuring cell during measurements is considered to be an important factor conditioning such a high detection sensitivity. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the presence of an AFM chip (made of mica and graphite) near the nozzle of the injector supplying an analyte solution into the measuring cell of the AFM-based fishing system (AFM-based nanobiosensors) causes an increase in charge generation upon the injection of the solution. Moreover, the influence of polymer materials (which are widely used in nanobiosensors) and communications on charge generation in the flow-based section of AFM-based nanobiosensors was studied. A stimulating influence of a low (femtomolar) concentration of proteins on the charge generation in polymeric injectors of flow-based nanobiosensors was demonstrated. Besides, a stimulating influence of an external low-frequency AC electric field on the charge generation in the nanobiosensor injector was found. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range corresponding to the physiological temperature (35 °C).

Investigation of the Influence of Liquid Motion in a Flow-Based System on an Enzyme Aggregation State with an Atomic Force Microscopy Sensor: The Effect of Glycerol Flow

“…For these purposes, aqueous or non-aqueous media can be employed, depending on the process's design. In connection with this, in a number of papers, an occurrence of a triboelectric generation of charge upon the motion of liquid media along solid surfaces was demonstrated [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Such a triboelectric effect is known to occur upon the motion of both water and aqueous solutions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], as well as of various non-aqueous liquids [13,14], including glycerol [14].…”

“…Such a phenomenon was ascribed to the influence of an electromagnetic field induced upon the motion of water through the coiled communication pipe, owing to the triboelectric generation of charge. Such a generation of charge upon the flow of water through injectors was discussed in several studies [5,9,18].…”

The Registration of a Biomaser-Like Effect in an Enzyme System with an RTM Sensor

“…With the use of various mechanisms, including those with a radiation-based principle of operation, such interaction can be observed in living cells, as well as in an organism, featuring central nervous system, whose life-sustaining activity is also accompanied by other factors exciting spin transition of water, e.g., electric pulses generated during the functioning of blood circulatory and nervous system due to a triboelectric effect [27,28]. It should be noted that the possibility of enhancement of the parameters of radiation from an enzyme system by means of its stimulation with electric pulses was demonstrated with the example of another heme-containing peroxidase system [29].…”

Special Issue on Nano-Biointerface for Biosensing

“…In the manuscript: Influence of Chip Materials on Charge Generation in Flowing Solution in Nanobiosensors [11], Y.D. Ivanov and coworkers demonstrate that the presence of an AFM chip (made of mica and graphite) near the nozzle of the injector supplying an analyte solution into the measuring cell of an AFM-based fishing system (used for the registration of low-abundant proteins in the temperature range corresponding to the physiological temperature of 35 • C) causes an increase in charge generation upon the injection of the solution.…”