Influence of climate variability on wine regions in the western USA and on wine quality in the Napa Valley

Abstract

Trends in climate variables important to winegrape production in the western United States include fewer frost days, longer growing seasons, and higher spring and growing season temperatures. These trends have been related to a steady increase in wine quality and a decrease in year-to-year variability. While the trends in climate have been linked to increasing sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific, it is unknown whether this is caused by climate change or may be part of natural oscillations in the Pacific. In this study, 15 climate variables important to winegrape production were analyzed for 10 wine regions over the western USA. The variables were stratified by phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), both separately and then in combination (modulation effect) to determine if there are any significant differences between teleconnections. 'Wine Spectator' vintage ratings for Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Napa Valley were also stratified by the same method, and multivariate statistics were used to determine which variables are most important to wine quality. ENSO phase by itself was not found to be important to either climate variability in wine regions in the western USA or wine quality in Napa Valley, but the cold phase of the PDO was found to be associated with increased spring frosts and a shorter growing season that results in lower ratings relative to warm PDO. The combination of neutral ENSO conditions during the cold phase of the PDO was nearly always associated with low quality wine in the Napa Valley, which is a function of cold springs with increased frost risk, cool growing seasons, and ripening period rainfall (cold PDO), and above-average bloom and summer rainfall (neutral ENSO). Although climate trends toward generally warmer growing seasons with less frost risk have occurred, this research highlights the impact of climate variability on wine quality where, should the PDO return to a multi-decadal cold phase, wine growers in the Napa Valley and across the western USA will likely experience greater variability in wine quality.

Qualitative Assessment of the White Wine Varieties Grown in Dealu Bujorului Vineyard, Romania

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Mudanças climáticas e a produçãode uva no vale do Rio do Peixe-SC

“…As modificações climáticas e, em especial, o aumento da temperatura do ar e a modificação da distribuição e da frequências de chuvas podem trazer impactos na produção de uva e na qualidade do vinho, e podem causar modificação na área de cultivo e nas variedades cultivadas GOODRICH, 2008).…”

Western European climate, and Pinot noir grape harvest dates in Burgundy, France, since the 17th century

“…Advanced knowledge of evolution and phasing of natural climate signals as identified in this study, contribute to decision making in the viticulture and wine industry, as discussed by Bindi & Fibbi (2000). It has been proposed for example that in the 'Pacific sector, climate variability might be as important, or more so, to the wine industry, rather than climate change' (Jones & Goodrich 2008). We envisage that the Pinot noir varietal grape, with its narrow climatic niche (i.e.…”

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