Influence of Cooling Rate and Aging on the Lamellar Microstructure and Fractography of TC21 Titanium Alloy

Shao, Hui; Zhao, Yongqing; Ge, Peng; Zeng, Weidong

doi:10.1007/s13632-012-0055-3

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the case of cooling with an intermediate rate of about 3.5 • C/s, the martensitic transformation is accompanied by diffusional transformation, and hence, the volume fraction of martensitic phases decreases to the benefit of the stabilization of the α and β phases [55]. The cooling rate of a furnace cooling condition is around 2 • C/s [61]. With an extremely slow cooling rate, a fully lamellar or a duplex microstructure could even be achieved [62].…”

Section: Heat Treatment and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V—A Brief Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laser metal deposition (LMD) is one of the most important laser additive manufacturing processes. It can be used to produce functional coatings, to repair damaged parts and to manufacture metal components. Ti6Al4V is one of the most commonly used titanium alloys, since it features a good balance of the mechanical properties of strength and ductility. The LMD of Ti6Al4V is attracting more and more attention from both science and engineering. The interest in processing Ti6Al4V with LMD in industry, especially in aerospace and medical branches, has been increasing in the last few years. In this paper, the state of the art for LMD of Ti6Al4V is reviewed. In the first part, the basics for Ti6Al4V, including, for example, the development history, the material properties, the applications, the crystal structure, the heat treatment and the mechanical properties, are introduced. In the second part, the main emphasis is on state of the art for LMD of Ti6Al4V. Initially, the process parameters of the current state of the art in the last years and their effects are summarized. After that, the typical microstructure after LMD is discussed. Then, the conducted heat treatment methods and the achievable mechanical properties are presented. In the end, some of the existing, current challenges are mentioned, and the possible research directions for the future are proposed.

show abstract

Section: Heat Treatment and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V—A Brief Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ti6Al4V exhibits a Widmanstätten microstructure (plate-like α + β phase) after slow cooling (furnace, cooling rate of 2 °C/s) and a martensitic microstructure after rapid cooling (water, cooling rate of 20 °C/s) due to the intersection between the cooling path and the martensitic start (Ms) line. The air cooling (cooling rate of 3.5 °C/s) induces, firstly, a martensitic transformation of the β-phase and then a diffusional transformation that reduces the volume fraction of the α′ martensite phase [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Ghio

Cerri

2022

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology that is gaining increasing interest in aerospace, automotive and biomedical applications due to the possibility of processing lightweight alloys such as AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V. Both these alloys have microstructures and mechanical properties that are strictly related to the type of heat treatment applied after the L-PBF process. The present review aimed to summarize the state of the art in terms of the microstructural morphology and consequent mechanical performance of these materials after different heat treatments. While optimization of the post-process heat treatment is key to obtaining excellent mechanical properties, the first requirement is to manufacture high quality and fully dense samples. Therefore, effects induced by the L-PBF process parameters and build platform temperatures were also summarized. In addition, effects induced by stress relief, annealing, solution, artificial and direct aging, hot isostatic pressing, and mixed heat treatments were reviewed for AlSi10Mg and Ti6AlV samples, highlighting variations in microstructure and corrosion resistance and consequent fracture mechanisms.

show abstract

“…Thus, secondary α-Widmanstatten only appeared in samples with high HT temperature and low cooling rate. atoms suppresses, which restrains the α-grain growth [35,39]. Thus, secondary α-Widmanstatten only appeared in samples with high HT temperature and low cooling rate.…”

Section: α Microstructure Characterization With Different Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the cooling process, the formation of the α phase is controlled by the solute atom diffusion, higher β volume fraction and the slow cooling rate are enough for the diffusion of the solution atoms. However, with the increased cooling rate, the diffusion of solution atoms suppresses, which restrains the α-grain growth [35,39]. Thus, secondary α-Widmanstatten only appeared in samples with high HT temperature and low cooling rate.…”

Section: α Microstructure Characterization With Different Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Post Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy

Liu

et al. 2021

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The unique thermal history of selective laser melting (SLM) can lead to high residual stress and a non-equilibrium state in as-fabricated titanium alloy components and hinders their extensive use. Post heat treatment, as a classical and effective way, could transform non-equilibrium α’ martensite and achieves desirable mechanical performance in SLMed Ti alloys. In this study, we aimed to establish the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical performances of SLMed Ti6Al4V (Ti-64) by using different heat treatment processes. The columnar prior β grain morphology and grain boundary α phase (GB-α) after different heat treatment processes were characterized, with their influences on the tensile property anisotropy fully investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the fracture surface and its cross-sectional analysis found that the tensile properties, especially the ductility, were affected by the GB-α along the β grain boundary. Furthermore, the discontinuous ratio of GB-α was firstly proposed to quantitatively predict the anisotropic ductility in SLMed Ti-64. This study provides a step forward for achieving the mechanical property manipulation of SLMed Ti-64 parts.

show abstract

Influence of Cooling Rate and Aging on the Lamellar Microstructure and Fractography of TC21 Titanium Alloy

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Laser Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V—A Brief Review

Laser Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V—A Brief Review

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Effects of Post Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About