Influence of Cover Complexity and Current Velocity on Winter Habitat Use by Juvenile Coho Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>)

McMahon, Thomas E.; Hartman, G. F.

doi:10.1139/f89-197

Cited by 174 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There is also some inferential evidence supporting the importance of visual barriers provided by instream cover in increasing salmonid abundance (DOLLOFF, 1986;MESICK, 1988;MCMAHON and HARTMAN, 1989;FAUSCH, 1993). SUNDBAUM and NÄSLUND (1998) quantified the better condition maintained by juvenile brown trout in channels with instream cover because of reduced aggressive interactions and swimming activity.…”

Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, during simulated freshets, most coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) emigrated from experimental channels unless complex cover combining low velocity, shade, and structural complexity was available (MCMAHON and HARTMAN, 1989). Coarse rocky substratum constitutes an essential hydraulic refuge since sudden 4-100 times increased discharge in a small stream did not displace yearling brown trout as long as heterogeneous substratum provided micro-environments where flow was below critical velocity of fish (HEGGENES, 1988a).…”

Section: Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to declining temperatures and photoperiod, rising flow or icing, many stream-dwelling salmonid species exhibit a strong diurnal concealment behaviour in a wide variety of covers (MCMAHON and HARTMAN, 1989;HEGGENES et al, 1993;CONTOR and GRIFFITH, 1995;THUROW, 1997;SIMPKINS et al, 2000;VALDIMARSSON et al, 2000) but from which they emerge after sunset to maintain some feeding activity (JAKOBER et al, 2000). Daytime predation risk from diurnally endothermic predators (birds and mammals) has been suggested as the major factor governing diurnal concealment (VALDIMARSSON and METCALFE, 1998;METCALFE et al, 1999).…”

Section: Winteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Allouche¹

2002

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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This review attempts to assess the nature and the role of cover for riverine fish assemblages. Although early identified as a key factor for fish distribution, especially for salmonids, cover (i.e. woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, turbidity...) still remains the variable least considered in the studies of fish habitat relationships. This is mainly due to the diversity of ecological functions of cover structures in fish assemblages. Cover structures are structuring components of fish habitat and contribute to the biological productivity of streams. But, at the individual scale, cover fulfils three main functions: protection against predators, visual isolation reducing competition, and hydraulic shelter. In fact, the use of cover by fish results from a trade-off between the costs and the benefits associated with its use. Although the relationships between fish and cover appear extremely complex and context-specific, a growing body of evidence highlights the potential role of cover for management purposes.Key-words : cover, shelter, riverine fish, fish habitat. NATURE ET FONCTIONS DU COUVERT POUR LES POISSONS LOTIQUES. RÉSUMÉCet article décrit la typologie ainsi que les fonctions du couvert pour les poissons lotiques. Identifié très tôt comme un facteur explicatif de la distribution des poissons, principalement chez les salmonidés, le couvert (i.e. débris ligneux, sous-berges, blocs, turbidité...) demeure néanmoins la variable la moins considérée dans l'étude des relations habitat-poissons. Ceci s'explique notamment par les fonctions écologiques très diverses que le couvert remplit vis-à-vis des assemblages piscicoles. Les structures pourvoyeuses de couvert sont des agents structurants de l'habitat piscicole et contribuent à la productivité biologique des cours d'eau. Au niveau du microhabitat du poisson, le couvert remplit trois fonctions majeures : anti-prédation, isolation visuelle limitant la compétition, et abri hydraulique. En fait, l'utilisation du couvert par les poissons résulte d'un compromis entre les coûts et les bénéfices associés d'où l'extrême complexité de cette relation qui semble plutôt spécifique à un contexte donné. Malgré les difficultés d'extrapolation, de nombreux travaux mettent en évidence la signification écologique ainsi que l'utilisation potentielle du couvert pour une gestion optimale des ressources piscicoles.Mots-clés : couvert, abri, poissons lotiques, habitat piscicole.

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Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Winteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Allouche¹

2002

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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“…The preference of juvenile fish for cover is well known DeVore & White 1978;McMahon & Hartman 1989;Shirvell 1990;Inoue et al 1997. Helfman 1981 appears that the presence of cover is a requirement of juvenile fish for feeding and refuge.…”

Section: Predictors Before Flooding In Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphological predictors for diversity of juvenile fish in floodplain pools during a low-water period

Yamashita¹,

Denda²,

Nakagoshi³

2004

ECE

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Ecol. Civil Eng. 7 1 , 93-102, 2004.Abstract: To explore predictors for juvenile fish diversity in floodplain pools during a lowwater period, we surveyed the relationship between species richness and geomorphological characteristics of floodplain pools. Ten floodplain pools located in the middle reaches of the Chikuma River were chosen for this study. These pools were formed by a flood in September 2001. We surveyed each pool from October 2001 to July 2002. The data at the end of October was used for analysis of the period after flooding in autumn. The data at the end of March 2002 was used for analysis of the period before next flooding in spring. Species richness of juvenile fish was used as the target variable. Thirteen geomorphological parameters of each floodplain pool were measured: area, perimeter, covered edge length, proportion of covered edge length to total perimeter, maximum depth, average depth, coefficient of variation of depth, substrate diversity, length of pool, width of pool, shape index, distance from stream, and distance from nearest pool. From the results of multiple linear regression analyses, the usefulness of two of thirteen geomorphological predictors, maximum depth and substrate diversity, was demonstrated for the species richness of juvenile fishes after flooding in autumn. At the period before flooding in spring, the usefulness of proportion of covered edge length to total perimeter was shown. Maximum depth is considered to be an indicator of refuge function for juvenile fish from flooding. Substrate diversity is assumed the index of habitat heterogeneity of floodplain pools. It appears that the presence of cover is a requirement of juvenile fish for feeding and refuge. Because the number of pools in this study was small n 10 , only these three parameters are not useful predictors, but the results of this study suggest the importance of habitat data on maximum depth, substrate diversity, and cover in predicting the function of nursery areas of floodplain pools.

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“…La truite fario, à un stade de vie donné, aura une préférence pour un type d'habitat qui correspond aux conditions les plus favorables à son développement (DEVORE et WHITE, 1978 ;BINNS et EISERMAN, 1979 ;WILZBACH, 1985 ;CUNJAK et POWER, 1986 ;NIELSEN, 1986 ;RALEIGH et al, 1986 ;GRANT et NOAKES, 1987 ;HEGGENES, 1988 ;HEGGENES et TRAAEN, 1988 ;McMAHON et HARTMAN, 1989 ;NÂSLUND, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Etude de l'habitat de la truite fario (Salmo trutta fario). Rôle des caches artificielles et naturelles dans les rivières aménagées

Lim

Segura

Belaud

et al. 1993

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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RÉSUMÉL'objectif est de quantifier le rôle des abris et caches des rivières aménagées sur le peuplement des truites fario. L'étude s'est déroulée sur deux tronçons de cours d'eau pyrénéens : la PIQUE (altitude 920 m NGF) et le GER (altitude 390 m NGF), situés dans le département de la Haute-Garonne (31).Pour les caches naturelles, nous avons expérimenté sur trois ensembles qui ont pu être transitoi rement condamnés par des grillages : enrochement des berges, caves creusées sous les berges, et branchages. Ceci a pu être réalisé sur le GER.Initialement, le secteur (avec tous ces types de caches) possède une densité moyenne de 2469 ind/ha pour une biomasse de 278 kg/ha. Quand l'accès aux caches est condamné, la densité se stabilise à 1000 ind/ha pour une biomasse d'environ 125 kg/ha, soit une diminution de l'ordre de 55 % en densité et en biomasse. Suivant les types de caches, la recolonisation, après 21 jours de réouverture des caches, est estimée entre 28 et 72 % pour la biomasse et entre 42 et 62 % pour la densité.Pour les caches artificielles, six types de matériaux de construction (brique, tuile...) ont été expérimentés sur un tronçon de la PIQUE (dénudé de toute cache naturelle). Suivant les types de caches et leur disposition, la densité des truites varie de 3 à 23 ind/m 2 de cache, et de 0,09 à 0,2 ind/m 2 hors cache.Parmi les matériaux utilisés, on observe une nette préférence pour les briques et, selon les dispositions testées, les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec les caches placées soit près, des rives, soit dans la totalité du lit.L'expérience a montré le rôle prépondérant des caches naturelles et artificielles sur le peuplement des truites dans un cours d'eau aménagé.Mots-clés : truite fario, biomasse, cache, habitat, Pyrénées. STUDY OF THE HABITAT OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA FARIO). ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL COVERS ON TROUT POPULATIONS. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to quantify the rôle of various cover types and examine their sélection by brown trout.The study was developed on two river course sections in the Pyrénées : the river PIQUE (altitude 920 m NGF) and the river GER (altitude 390 m NGF), situated in the department of the Haute-Garonne (31).For the natural cover, we have experimented on three sets which have been transitionnally blocked by wire netting ; rocky river bank, undercut bank and woody débris. This has been performed on the river GER.Article available at http://www.kmae-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:1993004Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic. (1993) 331 : 373-396 -374 -Initially, the sector, for ail thèse types of covers, had an average density of 2469 ind/ha for a biomass of 278 kg/ha. When the access to the covers is protected, the density stabilises to 1000 ind/ha, being a decrease in the order of 55% in density and biomass. According to the type of cover, the recolonisation, after 21 days of reopening of the covers, is estimated between 28 and 72% for the biomass and between 42 and 62% for the density.For the artificial covers, six types of building materials (...

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Influence of Cover Complexity and Current Velocity on Winter Habitat Use by Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Cited by 174 publications

References 7 publications

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Geomorphological predictors for diversity of juvenile fish in floodplain pools during a low-water period

Etude de l'habitat de la truite fario (Salmo trutta fario). Rôle des caches artificielles et naturelles dans les rivières aménagées

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