Influence of Cry1Ab Protein and Hybrid Genotype on Fumonisin Contamination and Fusarium Ear Rot of Corn

Clements, M. J.; Campbell, K. W.; Maragos, Chris M.; Pilcher, Clinton D.; Headrick, J. M.; Pataky, J. K.; White, D. G.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.1283

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The MON 810 event encodes for a Cry1Ab protein which is an δ-endotoxin highly toxic to lepidopteran larvae. However, Clements et al (2003) observed that the Cry1Ab protein was associated with reduced fumonisin concentration in grain when O. nubilalis was the predominant insect pest but not when Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) was the prevalent one. The susceptibility of the insect species to the proteins had to be taken into consideration because it impacted the mycotoxin levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Folcher

Délos²,

Marengue³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. during plant cultivation induce severe diseases in animal and humans. In 2007 a European Union regulation set maximum concentrations of mycotoxins in maize and derivatives of 4000 ppb for fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , 1750 ppb for deoxynivalenol, and 350 ppb for zearalenone. To assess the safety of French maize food, investigations are currently being carried out by the national Biological Risk Monitoring network. Here, 84 plots were cropped with the Bt maize MON 810 and its isogenic non-Bt counterpart in 2005 and 2006 in Southwestern France. Mycotoxin levels were measured in grain at harvest. Fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were analysed statistically using non-parametric tests for mycotoxins and analysis of variance for weather variables. As the climate was homogenous inside the experimental area, the transgenic event introduced into the maize was the only key parameter which differed between Bt and non-Bt maize plots. Our results show that Bt maize decreased concentrations of fumonisins by 90% and zearalenone by 50%, whereas the concentration of deoxynivalenol was slightly increased. Those findings suggest a competition among Fusarium species that produce fumonisins or trichothecenes. According to the European regulation, 93% of the Bt maize crops can be sold, compared with only 45% for non-Bt maize plots. Our results thus show that Bt maize improved food safety by greatly reducing mycotoxin levels in field crops in Southwestern France.Bt MON810 maize / fumonisins B 1 and B 2 / deoxynivalenol / zearalenone / Regulation 1126/2007

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Folcher

Délos²,

Marengue³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Nevertheless, it ended up in corn chips and other food products, which had to be recalled. A possible health benefit of other Bt corn is lower levels of mycotoxin in regions where damage from the eastern corn borer is extensive (e.g., Clements et al 2003). Hallerman (2002) and, where applicable, ISB (2004a).…”

Section: Box 2 Food Plants With Transgenic Resistance Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

Snow

Andow

Gepts

et al. 2005

Ecological Applications

292

216

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The Ecological Society of America has evaluated the ecological effects of current and potential uses of field‐released genetically engineered organisms (GEOs), as described in this Position Paper. Some GEOs could play a positive role in sustainable agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, bioremediation, and environmental management, both in developed and developing countries. However, deliberate or inadvertent releases of GEOs into the environment could have negative ecological effects under certain circumstances. Possible risks of GEOs could include: (1) creating new or more vigorous pests and pathogens; (2) exacerbating the effects of existing pests through hybridization with related transgenic organisms; (3) harm to nontarget species, such as soil organisms, non‐pest insects, birds, and other animals; (4) disruption of biotic communities, including agroecosystems; and (5) irreparable loss or changes in species diversity or genetic diversity within species. Many potential applications of genetic engineering extend beyond traditional breeding, encompassing viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, grasses, trees, insects, fish, and shellfish. GEOs that present novel traits will need special scrutiny with regard to their environmental effects. The Ecological Society of America supports the following recommendations. (1) GEOs should be designed to reduce environmental risks. (2) More extensive studies of the environmental benefits and risks associated with GEOs are needed. (3) These effects should be evaluated relative to appropriate baseline scenarios. (4) Environmental release of GEOs should be prevented if scientific knowledge about possible risks is clearly inadequate. (5) In some cases, post‐release monitoring will be needed to identify, manage, and mitigate environmental risks. (6) Science‐based regulation should subject all transgenic organisms to a similar risk assessment framework and should incorporate a cautious approach, recognizing that many environmental effects are GEO‐ and site‐specific. (7) Ecologists, agricultural scientists, molecular biologists, and others need broader training and wider collaboration to address these recommendations. In summary, GEOs should be evaluated and used within the context of a scientifically based regulatory policy that encourages innovation without compromising sound environmental management. The Ecological Society of America is committed to providing scientific expertise for evaluating and predicting the ecological effects of field‐released transgenic organisms.

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“…Another benefit from the use of Bt corn has been the well-documented reductions in mycotoxin contamination that sometimes occur. Reductions in both fumonisins and aflatoxins have been reported in field studies on several continents [111][112][113][114][115]. These reductions have been associated with reduced insect wounding on kernels expressing a Cry endotoxin, resulting in fewer openings for infection by mycotoxin-producing fungi [114,116].…”

Section: Reducing Infection Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Engineering and Sustainable Crop Disease Management: Opportunities for Case-by-Case Decision-Making

Vincelli

2016

Sustainability

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Genetic engineering (GE) offers an expanding array of strategies for enhancing disease resistance of crop plants in sustainable ways, including the potential for reduced pesticide usage. Certain GE applications involve transgenesis, in some cases creating a metabolic pathway novel to the GE crop. In other cases, only cisgenessis is employed. In yet other cases, engineered genetic changes can be so minimal as to be indistinguishable from natural mutations. Thus, GE crops vary substantially and should be evaluated for risks, benefits, and social considerations on a case-by-case basis. Deployment of GE traits should be with an eye towards long-term sustainability; several options are discussed. Selected risks and concerns of GE are also considered, along with genome editing, a technology that greatly expands the capacity of molecular biologists to make more precise and targeted genetic edits. While GE is merely a suite of tools to supplement other breeding techniques, if wisely used, certain GE tools and applications can contribute to sustainability goals.

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Influence of Cry1Ab Protein and Hybrid Genotype on Fumonisin Contamination and Fusarium Ear Rot of Corn

Abstract: corn (Cawood et al.

Cited by 75 publications

References 42 publications

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹

Genetic Engineering and Sustainable Crop Disease Management: Opportunities for Case-by-Case Decision-Making

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Influence of Cry1Ab Protein and Hybrid Genotype on Fumonisin Contamination and Fusarium Ear Rot of Corn

Abstract: corn (Cawood et al.

Cited by 75 publications

References 42 publications

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1

Genetic Engineering and Sustainable Crop Disease Management: Opportunities for Case-by-Case Decision-Making

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GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS¹