Influence of cultivar and cutting date on the fatty acid composition of perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.)

Elgersma, A.; Ellen, G.; der, H. Horst Van; Muuse, B.G.; Bôer, H.; Tamminga, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00408.x

Cited by 28 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Dewhurst et al (2001) observed in a range of temperate grasses that the proportion of C18:3 in total FAs was about 60%. Elgersma et al (2003 b , 2004 b ) found that the proportion of C18:3 was never below 70%, while the proportion of C18:2 remained rather constant at about 10%. This was also found by Bauchart et al (1984), but here the proportion of C18:2 increased from 12% to 14% to 15% in successive regrowth periods during the season, from primary growth to the first regrowth to the second, stemmy regrowth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The FA concentrations (ranging from 9.6 to 20.2 g kg −1 DM for the different treatments) were lower than reported by Bauchart et al (1984), who found the highest lipid concentrations in perennial ryegrass during the primary growth (4 May: 32 g kg −1 DM) and reported a slow decline during the first regrowth (15 June: 22 g kg −1 DM). Elgersma et al (2003 b , 2004 b ) found in late July and mid‐August concentrations of 25.4 and 28.7 g kg −1 DM in leafy perennial ryegrass regrowths with 89% and 83% of the DM consisting of leaf blades in the harvested herbage, respectively. Dewhurst et al (2001) concluded that the concentrations in FA were highest in early and late season, as both the total FA and the C18:3 concentration were highest during vegetative growth (in late April) for L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In timothy, however, Bélanger & McQueen (1996) reported that leaf blade proportions decreased with increased levels of N fertilisation. Elgersma et al (2003 b , 2004 b ) concluded for perennial ryegrass that in early summer, the leaf–stem ratio of the herbage probably has more effect on FA concentration than the season per se, but in late August and mid‐September, the FA concentration declined despite the increase in the proportion of leaf blade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fresh grass contains a high proportion (50–75%) of its total FA content in the form of C18:3. Levels of α‐linolenic acid vary with plant and environmental factors such as stage of maturity, genetic differences (Elgersma et al , 2003 a ; 2004 b ), season and light intensity (Dewhurst & King, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nitrogen fertilisation and regrowth period on fatty acid concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Elgersma

Maudet

Witkowska

et al. 2005

Annals of Applied Biology

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Information on lipids in forages is scarce, and effects of nitrogen (N) application level and regrowth period on the fatty acid (FA) concentration and composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were studied. N was applied at 0, 45 and 100 kg ha 21 , and swards were cut after various regrowth periods, resulting in six treatments designed as randomised blocks with three replicates. The stages of development ranged from vegetative to elongating swards, with herbage yield levels from 1.9 to 4.2 t dry matter (DM) ha 21 . Concentrations of individual FA were determined by gas chromatography, and canopy characteristics and herbage quality were assessed. The treatments resulted in canopies with contrasting DM yields and protein concentrations. Five FAs, representing 98% of total FAs, were studied in detail. On an average, the concentration of these major FAs in fresh grass was 15.1 g kg 21 DM, and 69% of the major FAs consisted of C18:3. Regrowth period affected (P < 0.05) the total FA concentration, and significantly (P < 0.01) lower concentrations of C18:3 and C16:1 were found after a longer period of regrowth. N application resulted in higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of all FAs. The FA composition was not affected by N application, but a longer regrowth period significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the proportion of C18:3 and increased those of C18:2 and C16:0. A strong, positive overall linear relation was found between the concentrations of total FAs and C18:3 with the crude protein concentration in the herbage. These studies demonstrate opportunities to affect the FA concentration and composition of FA in herbage through management strategies, which could affect milk FA composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Nitrogen fertilisation and regrowth period on fatty acid concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Elgersma

Maudet

Witkowska

et al. 2005

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Following cutting, pre‐wilting of herbage prior to ensiling is a widely used swath management practice. During field wilting of grass prior to ensiling or hay making, oxidative losses of the PUFA occur and lead to substantially lower ALA concentrations in conserved grasses compared with fresh pasture . In perennial ryegrass – red clover herbage there was a significant decline in FA during 29 h wilting and the ALA proportion showed a small but significant decline compared with fresh herbage .…”

Section: Lipids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass‐fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives

Elgersma

2015

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

142

129

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Grazing animals walk outdoors and harvest fresh herbage from a three‐dimensional canopy. Botanical composition and grassland management in various farming systems affect herbage intake and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. Grazing animals encounter a vertical gradient while grazing down a sward; responses in milk FA composition are discussed. Grazing animals have diets rich in poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly α‐linolenic acid (C18:3n‐3). Concentrates and starch‐rich fodders affect rumen retention time of the feed, increase linoleic acid (C18:2n‐6) intake, and alter biohydrogenation pathways toward less n‐3 PUFA and less rumenic acid (conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer C18:2c9t11), leading to lower contents of these compounds in the milk. Milk from grazing‐based production systems including organic systems, therefore, has less saturated and more n‐3PUFA and CLAc9t11 which is considered beneficial for health. The occurrence of natural trans FA (t11) in milk predominates with grazing whereas intensive feeding practices enhance t10‐FA, with possible negative health effects. FA intake – output relations can differ among plant species due to rapid rumen passage rate or compounds protecting PUFA, resulting in more PUFA in milk. Methodological constraints for FA measurement in herbages are discussed. Trends in grazing and dairy farming systems and implications for milk FA composition are addressed. Practical applications: Grazing is important for fresh forage intake, animal health and natural behaviour, landscape values and grassland biodiversity. Grazing is a political, societal and marketing issue in The Netherlands where retailers since 2011 sell dairy products labelled as “pasture‐milk” and dairies pay a premium to farmers whose cows get access to pasture. Grazing affects green leaf intake because animals can select. Pasture allowance enhances α‐linolenic acid and CLAc9t11 (rumenic acid) concentrations in milk fat. FA need to be designated by unique names; CLA is a generic term and isomers give rise to different biological responses. As some forbs reduce biohydrogenation, grassland species diversity may improve PUFA transfer efficiency from feed to milk. Trends in animal genetics and increased herd size, TMR feeding and automated milking systems cause reduction of grazing in Europe, which can increase saturated and trans‐10 milk FA concentrations and reduce naturally occurring fat‐soluble vitamins and antioxidants in dairy products. Grazing (pasture‐feeding versus indoor with conserved forage and concentrates) increases n‐3 PUFA and trans‐11 over trans‐10 FA in cow milk when cows can select, as leaves have high n‐3 PUFA concentrations; biodiverse grasslands enhance this effect as some forbs show less PUFA rumen biohydrogenation than grasses, thus increasing efficiency of PUFA transfer from forage to milk.

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Effects of feeding perennial ryegrass with an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates on intake, rumen function and performance of dairy cows

Taweel

Tas

Smit

et al. 2005

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Influence of cultivar and cutting date on the fatty acid composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Nitrogen fertilisation and regrowth period on fatty acid concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Effects of Nitrogen fertilisation and regrowth period on fatty acid concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass‐fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives

Effects of feeding perennial ryegrass with an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates on intake, rumen function and performance of dairy cows

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