Influence of Dead-End Sections of Drinking Water Distribution Networks on Optimization of Booster Chlorination Systems

Abokifa, Ahmed A.; Maheshwari, Abhilasha; Gudi, Ravindra D.; Biswas, Pratim

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001125

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Another limitation related to the simulation model used is the unrealistic analysis at the zero or very low demand nodes (dead end). As Abokifa et al (2019) highlighted, dead ends are not pipes without flow but more likely pipes with intermittent low flow and frequent stagnations. However, EPANET and EPANET-MSX cannot accurately estimate water quality at dead ends because the model is based on advection-reaction transport (Rossman et al 1994).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, EPANET and EPANET-MSX cannot accurately estimate water quality at dead ends because the model is based on advection-reaction transport (Rossman et al 1994). To overcome this limitation, the WUDESIM model developed by Abokifa et al (2019) can be applied with the model introduced in this study in future work. It should be noted that this limitation is likely less important for a network-scale analysis but more relevant at the household level.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locating chlorine boosters has been demonstrated using EPANET water-quality simulation (Abokifa et al 2019;Ayvaz and Kentel 2015;Basupi and Nono 2019;Seth et al 2017;Vrachimis et al 2021). Among these studies, Seth et al (2017) and Vrachimis et al (2021) focused on security concerns and emergency response in addition to secondary chlorine boosters to manage contamination detection issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basupi and Nono (2019) accounted for hydraulic uncertainties for the placement of chlorine boosters. Abokifa et al (2019) highlighted the limitation of the EPANET model especially for water-quality analysis of dead-end pipes and used an advectiondispersion-reaction transport model to solve the chlorine booster location problem. Others have utilized EPANET-MSX for locating ideal placement of chlorine boosters (Islam et al 2017a, b), and Islam et al (2017b) also considered risk quantification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exploring Vulnerable Nodes, Impactful Viral Intrusion Sites, and Viral Infection Risk Reductions Offered by Chlorine Boosters in Municipal Drinking Water Networks

Lee

Wilson

Cooksey

et al. 2022

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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The effects of drinking water system infrastructure on water quality and health following intrusion events have not been extensively studied. This study proposes a coupling of hydraulic and water-quality modeling with quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to characterize microbial infection risks. Two networks were considered based on their network configuration. We assumed a continuous intrusion of enterovirus under three scenarios. The location of vulnerable and influential nodes in a looped and a branched network were compared, followed by a comparison of chlorine booster placement to reduce infection risks. The most vulnerable nodes in the branched network were generally downstream of the intrusion site, whereas those for the looped network were in the middle of the network due to tank dynamics. Influential injection nodes for the looped network were also in the middle of the network but mostly located at the upstream nodes for the branched network. A single chlorine booster yielded a risk reduction (47.6%) for the branched network, greater than for the looped network (nearly none). Two chlorine boosters reduced the looped network risks more notably (63%). The generalizability of these results to other networks likely depends upon specific network hydraulics and variability in municipal drinking water use. This work will help public water system managers in identifying vulnerable points in their distribution system and optimal locations for risk reduction strategy implementation.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring Vulnerable Nodes, Impactful Viral Intrusion Sites, and Viral Infection Risk Reductions Offered by Chlorine Boosters in Municipal Drinking Water Networks

Lee

Wilson

Cooksey

et al. 2022

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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show abstract

“…In addition to advective transport, WUDESIM includes species transport by longitudinal dispersion, and corrects for simulation errors that arise from spatial demand aggregation along the DEB pipes [38]. Accounting for dispersive transport and spatial demand distribution along the pipes was shown to enhance the simulation accuracy compared to EPANET [38], and to yield more reliable outcomes for WQ optimization [41].…”

Section: Dd-epanetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impacts of Water Conservation on Water Quality in Distribution Networks Using an Advection-Dispersion Transport Model

Abokifa

Xing

Sela

2020

Water

Self Cite

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With the increasing adoption of demand management strategies and water conservation practices, domestic water consumption is projected to decline in the future. The subsequent consumer-side demand reductions are expected to result in increased residence times in water distribution networks (WDNs), and thus could have negative effects on the water quality (WQ) reaching the consumers’ taps. This study evaluates the impacts of the projected decrease in residential water demands on the deterioration of the WQ in WDNs. This deterioration will likely be most prominent in the dead-end branches at the perimeters of WDNs, where the flow is characteristically low and intermittent. The assessment of WQ deterioration in the dead-end branches requires the implementation of an accurate WQ simulation model. To this end, a new Python-based software package, WUDESIM_Py, is first introduced. The WQ simulation engine in WUDESIM_Py is based on an advection-dispersion-reaction model and accounts for the spatial distribution of water demands along dead-end pipes. WUDESIM_Py comprises various sets of functions that allow the users to set-up and conduct WQ simulations as well as obtain and visualize simulation results. A complete description of the different functions, together with examples of how these functions can be implemented in different applications, is provided. Through conducting extensive simulations of benchmark WDNs, the results revealed that widespread adoption of water conservation practices can lead to significant WQ deterioration in the dead-end branches. Additionally, the results suggested that neglecting dispersive transport and spatially aggregating demands may result in overestimating residual chlorine concentrations in the dead-end branches, which could mask the real impacts of demand reduction on WQ deterioration.

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Simulation of Chlorine Injection in Water Distribution Networks in Response to Contaminations

et al. 2021

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Influence of Dead-End Sections of Drinking Water Distribution Networks on Optimization of Booster Chlorination Systems

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Exploring Vulnerable Nodes, Impactful Viral Intrusion Sites, and Viral Infection Risk Reductions Offered by Chlorine Boosters in Municipal Drinking Water Networks

Exploring Vulnerable Nodes, Impactful Viral Intrusion Sites, and Viral Infection Risk Reductions Offered by Chlorine Boosters in Municipal Drinking Water Networks

Investigating the Impacts of Water Conservation on Water Quality in Distribution Networks Using an Advection-Dispersion Transport Model

Simulation of Chlorine Injection in Water Distribution Networks in Response to Contaminations

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