“…Accurate site characterization and understanding of the impact of geology on fluid flow in the subsurface is essential for reservoir management of CO 2 geologic storage projects (Chadwick et al, 2004;Cowton et al, 2018;Edlmann et al, 2016;Eiken et al, 2011;Hansen et al, 2013) and enhanced oil recovery operations (Ader and Stein, 1984;Malik and Islam, 2000;Mezzomo et al, 2001;Sheng, 2013). Small-scale heterogeneities, on the scale of millimeters to centimeters, have been demonstrated to have a strong impact on fluid flow at the reservoir scale (Gershenzon et al, 2014;Krevor et al, 2015;Li and Benson, 2015;Lunn et al, 2008;Qu et al, 2017;Rotevatn and Fossen, 2011;Saadatpoor et al, 2010).…”