Influence of Delivery Mode on the Urinary Excretion of Nandrolone Metabolites

Watson, Phillip; Houghton, E.; Grace, Philip B.; Judkins, Catherine; Dunster, Paula M.; Maughan, Ronald J.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181bf94d6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…If a protein powder contained 90 ng/g of a steroid such as nandrolone or one of its precursors, this would appear as a negative test if the limit of detection is set at 100 ng/g. However, a 25 g portion of this product would deliver a dose of 2.3 μg of the steroid and there is a good chance that this might result in a positive test for nandrolone if a sample was collected within a few hours of ingestion of the supplement (Watson et al, 2009(Watson et al, , 2010. Even when a product batch is tested prior to release for sale, there may still be a risk, albeit a very low risk.…”

Section: Quality Assurance Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Decisions About Supplement Use

Maughan

Shirreffs

Vernec

2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The use of dietary supplements is widespread among athletes in all sports and at all levels of competition, as it is in the general population. For the athlete training at the limits of what is sustainable, or for those seeking a shortcut to achieving their aims, supplements offer the prospect of bridging the gap between success and failure. Surveys show, however, that this is often not an informed choice and that the knowledge level among consumers is often low and that they are often influenced in their decisions by individuals with an equally inadequate understanding of the issues at stake. Supplement use may do more harm than good, unless it is based on a sound analysis of the evidence. Where a deficiency of an essential nutrient has been established by appropriate investigations, supplementation can provide a rapid and effective correction of the problem. Supplements can also provide a convenient and time-efficient solution to achieving the necessary intake of key nutrients such as protein and carbohydrate. Athletes contemplating the use of supplements should consider the potential for both positive and negative outcomes. Some ergogenic supplements may be of benefit to some athletes in some specific contexts, but many are less effective than is claimed. Some may be harmful to health of performance and some may contain agents prohibited by anti-doping regulations. Athletes should make informed choices that maximize the benefits while minimizing the risks.

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Section: Quality Assurance Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Decisions About Supplement Use

Maughan

Shirreffs

Vernec

2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Creatine has also been reported to have antioxidant properties, but these are relatively minor, and creatine supplementation, at least in a rat swimming model, does not reduce markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage . This picture seems to suggest that a number of agents with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties may have some effects on free radical-mediated responses, but whether this is beneficial or harmful is not known (Peternelj & Coombes, 2011;Urso & Sawka, 2013). Potentially harmful effects include a blunting of training responses and an attenuation of radical-mediated physiological processes.…”

Section: Promoting Recovery Between Training Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports have also indicated that the presence of even extremely small amounts of some agents will result in a positive test. Analysis of urinary responses to the ingestion of small amounts of a nandrolone precursor (19-norandrostenedione; Watson et al, 2009Watson et al, , 2010 has revealed a high risk of a positive test: Ingestion of a 1.0 µg dose of 19-norandrostenedione in 500 ml of water produced no values that were above the current World Anti-Doping Agency threshold for a positive doping test (2 ng/mL), but five subjects (of 20) tested positive when 2.5 µg was ingested, and 15 subjects had urinary 19-norandrostenedione concentrations exceeding the threshold when 5.0 µg of the steroid was ingested. These are extremely low levels of contamination.…”

Section: Potential Harmful Effects Of Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

Derave¹,

Tipton²

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Many athletes use dietary supplements, with use more prevalent among those competing at the highest level. Supplements are often self-prescribed, and their use is likely to be based on an inadequate understanding of the issues at stake. Supplementation with essential micronutrients may be useful when a diagnosed deficiency cannot be promptly and effectively corrected with food-based dietary solutions. When used in high doses, some supplements may do more harm than good: Iron supplementation, for example, is potentially harmful. There is good evidence from laboratory studies and some evidence from field studies to support health or performance benefits from appropriate use of a few supplements. The available evidence from studies of aquatic sports is small and is often contradictory. Evidence from elite performers is almost entirely absent, but some athletes may benefit from informed use of creatine, caffeine, and buffering agents. Poor quality assurance in some parts of the dietary supplements industry raises concerns about the safety of some products. Some do not contain the active ingredients listed on the label, and some contain toxic substances, including prescription drugs, that can cause health problems. Some supplements contain compounds that will cause an athlete to fail a doping test. Supplement quality assurance programs can reduce, but not entirely eliminate, this risk.

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“…The potential for consumption of contaminated dietary supplements by an athlete, which could result in a failed drug test, is now well established 1–6. A number of studies of the prevalence of contaminated supplements have been published, suggesting that between 3 and 25% of supplements can contain low quantities of steroids or stimulants that are not specified on the label 1, 7–8, 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies of the prevalence of contaminated supplements have been published, suggesting that between 3 and 25% of supplements can contain low quantities of steroids or stimulants that are not specified on the label 1, 7–8, 12. The relevance of this contamination to a drug‐tested athlete is clear with several studies confirming the potential for ingestion of contaminated supplements to result in a positive doping test 1–3, 5–6. In a recent administration study in which male and female subjects ingested just 5 g of a creatine supplement that had been deliberately ‘contaminated’ with 2.5 µg of a nandrolone precursor (19‐norandrostenedione), analysis of urine samples revealed that 25% of the subjects would have failed a drug test for nandrolone under World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) rules 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of banned substance residue analysis in the control of dietary supplement contamination

Judkins¹,

Teale²,

Hall³

2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The potential for contaminated dietary supplements to result in a failed doping test remains a concern for athletes, trainers, and sporting authorities despite improvements to regulatory guidelines. Previous surveys of readily available supplements confirm that many are contaminated with steroids and stimulants prohibited for use in elite sport. Suggested responses to this issue include the complete avoidance of all supplements. Many athletes, however, use nutritional supplements to achieve effective training and also to ensure that daily nutritional requirements are met (e.g. recommended levels of vitamins and minerals). This ensures that the use of supplements is and will remain the norm for a range of sports. As a result, an alternative approach of rigorous testing of materials destined for use by elite athletes has been introduced in several countries. While the testing of final product for banned substances may help mitigate the problem, it will not help to remove the underlying issue of contamination. In this article we describe an alternative approach that uses appropriate quality assurance procedures backed up by testing to remove sources of contamination. The decrease in the incidence of contamination amongst supplement companies adopting such a system is explained, and contrasted with the relatively high incidences of contamination found in products that are not part of a quality system. These findings are of key importance to both supplement manufacturers and those involved in advising athletes about supplement use.

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Influence of Delivery Mode on the Urinary Excretion of Nandrolone Metabolites

Abstract: Peak 19-NA concentrations were higher, and occurred later, when the 19-norandrostenedione was added to a solid supplement. This may be due to a slower rate of absorption and/or a reduced diuresis, resulting in a longer period for the metabolites to accumulate in the urine.

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Making Decisions About Supplement Use

Making Decisions About Supplement Use

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

The role of banned substance residue analysis in the control of dietary supplement contamination

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