“…Fecal microbes including Bacteroides such as Alistipes , Prevotella , Firmicutes such as Clostridium, Parvimonas , Peptostreptococcus , Roseburia , and Oscillibacter , Proteobacteria such as Campylobacter , Escherichia , Halomonas , and Shewanella , Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria constitute the dysbiosis-associated microbial signatures for CRC. It is interesting to note that Fusobacterium , Parvimonas , Gemella , and Leptotrichia are early bacterial markers for CRC, whereas, β-proteobacteria is a late-stage CRC marker. − Proteins such as human neutrophil peptides, S100 proteins, hemoglobin, haptoglobin, AAT, lactoferrin, CEA, exopeptidases (dipeptidyl peptidases I and IV), cadherin-17, selenium binding protein 1, tumor pyruvate kinase type M2, and MMP-9 are biomarkers of the stool . The list of proteomic, genomic, and microbial biomarkers is shown in Table .…”