Influence of diet on oocyst output and intestinal lesion development in replacement broiler breeders following live oocyst coccidiosis vaccination

Oden, L. A.; Lee, J. T.; Pohl, S.; Klein, Anthony; Anderson, Sheila A.; Dougherty, S. D.; Broussard, Cédric; Fitz-Coy, Steve; Newman, Linnea J; Caldwell, David J.

doi:10.3382/japr.2010-00264

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The severity of coccidiosis is related to the number of oocysts ingested because the parasites' life cycles are self-limiting ( McDonald and Shirley, 2009 ; Price, 2012 ; Chapman et al., 2013 ). In nonclinical cases of coccidiosis, the severity of infection can be estimated by measuring the abundance of oocysts that are shed in the feces; this abundance is expressed as oocysts per gram ( OPG ) ( Hodgson, 1970 ; Williams, 2001 ; Haug et al., 2008 ; Oden et al., 2012 ; Chapman et al., 2016 ; Parent et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring coccidia in commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario: comparing oocyst cycling patterns in flocks using anticoccidial medications or live vaccination

et al. 2021

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Coccidiosis, the parasitic disease caused by Eimeria spp., is controlled during broiler chicken production through the inclusion of in-feed anticoccidial medications. Live-coccidiosis vaccination has become an increasingly common alternative to these medications. Monitoring infections with Eimeria spp. in flocks can be accomplished through determining the concentration of oocysts excreted in the fecal material (i.e., oocysts per gram; OPG ). The purpose of our study was to sample commercial Ontario broiler chicken flocks at various times of the year to determine weekly OPG counts for flocks that use either an in-feed anticoccidial medication or a live-coccidiosis vaccine. Weekly sampling of 95 flocks from placement to market permitted documentation of oocyst cycling patterns typical of conventional and antibiotic-free flocks, and variation of these patterns in summer and winter. Medicated flocks had higher and later peak oocyst shedding compared with vaccinated flocks. Flocks reared in the summer peaked in oocyst shedding earlier than flocks reared in the winter. Despite what appears to be poorer coccidiosis control in the medicated flocks, the performance data were similar for these flocks compared with vaccinated flocks. This is the first study describing typical patterns of parasite shedding in Ontarian commercial broiler chicken flocks; these data will provide a baseline of expected Eimeria spp. infections in Canadian broiler chicken flocks to ensure optimal coccidiosis prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring coccidia in commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario: comparing oocyst cycling patterns in flocks using anticoccidial medications or live vaccination

et al. 2021

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“…Based on the measuring oocyte titer, chicks vaccinated by gel application can ingest 3.3-fold more vaccine than the spray vaccinated chicks [31]. In the other study, it reached 6.5-fold higher for the gel vaccines than the spray vaccines [36]. These differences are attributed to a difference in the equipment characteristics and application method which affect oocyst concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quality control procedure for Coccidial vaccines versus different routes of immunization

2022

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Background and Aim: Coccidiosis is an enteric infection caused by a protozoon (Eimeria tenella). Coccidiosis is known to have a negative impact on the economy. Coccidiosis is controlled using anticoccidial drugs, antibiotics, and vaccines. Various coccidial vaccines differ in application technique, attenuation method, and the species used. Coccidial vaccines can be spray or gel-based (Form). This study aimed to compare the effect of application and approaches between spray and gel vaccines for coccidiosis. Materials and Methods: Specific pathogen-free chicks were vaccinated with different vaccines. Fecal samples were taken on 21 days post-vaccination for vaccine take, and then a challenge test was done on day 21. Results: Post-vaccination oocyst counts in gel vaccinated groups were more than the spray vaccinated ones as it recorded (1400 and 2200) oocyst/g, but the gel vaccines resulted in lower post vaccinal titer which was (10000 and 12500) oocyst/g. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction test post-vaccination were (23.72, 20.29) cycle threshold (CT) for spray vaccines and (18.75, 17.62) CT for gel vaccinated group. By challenging all the experimental groups, the microscopic and macroscopic lesion of gel vaccines resulted in score 1, while spray vaccines groups recorded score 2 and the control non-vaccinated challenged chickens showed score 4. The non-vaccinated/non-challenged group recorded a score of zero. Conclusion: These results can help poultry producers to decide which delivery system will provide the best results for their production system. The gel vaccines showed a better protection rate and lower shedding, which means more protection of birds and public health.

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“…The infection intensity was found to be the highest in the weaner group although the infection rate was lower than in other age groups. It is well documented that the severity of infection in nonclinical cases of coccidiosis can be determined by counting the number of oocysts (OPG) discharged in the stool [39,40]. In this survey, OPG was evaluated for each faecal sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strong influence of management factors on coccidian infections in smallholder pig farms and the first molecular identification ofCystoisospora suisin Myanmar

Bawm

Chel

Khaing³

et al. 2022

Parasite

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate coccidian infection and associated factors in smallholder pigs, and to identify Cystoisospora oocysts by PCR. A total of 500 pig faecal samples from 330 smallholder farms were collected in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. The faecal flotation method was used to identify Eimeria and Cystoisospora species, and oocyst counts per gram (OPG) of faeces were recorded. Oocysts were differentiated after sporulation. Oocyst DNA was subjected to ITS1-targeted Cystoisospora-specific PCR. The overall coccidian oocyst detection rate by microscopic was 89.0% (445/500). Among the studied samples, 74.0% (370/500) and 70.6% (353/500), were found to be positive with Eimeria spp. and Cystoisospora suis oocysts, respectively. The sequences of C. suis detected were 100% identical to those of C. suis reported from Japan, and had 99.5% resemblance to sequences from Australia and China. Weaner pigs showed the significantly highest (p < 0.05) OPG when compared to other age groups. The highest intensity of coccidian infection (p < 0.05) was found in pigs fed local feed, pigs raised on earthen floors and pigs under poor hygienic conditions. Factors such as age, breed, feed type, and housing floors were found to be significantly associated with coccidian infection (p < 0.05). Age, as well as management factors including floor type, feed type, and hygiene practices on the farm, had a strong influence on the occurrence of coccidian infection in pigs. This is the first study in Myanmar on coccidian infection in pigs and molecular detection of C. suis.

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Influence of diet on oocyst output and intestinal lesion development in replacement broiler breeders following live oocyst coccidiosis vaccination

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Monitoring coccidia in commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario: comparing oocyst cycling patterns in flocks using anticoccidial medications or live vaccination

Monitoring coccidia in commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario: comparing oocyst cycling patterns in flocks using anticoccidial medications or live vaccination

Quality control procedure for Coccidial vaccines versus different routes of immunization

The strong influence of management factors on coccidian infections in smallholder pig farms and the first molecular identification ofCystoisospora suisin Myanmar

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