Influence of dietary fat polyunsaturated to saturated ratio on energy substrate utilization in obesity

Jones, Peter J H; Ridgen, Julie E.; Phang, P. Terry; Birmingham, C. Laird

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90074-k

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some studies on animals (Shimomura et al, 1990;Takeuchi et al, 1994;Matsuo et al, 1995) have reported that increasing PUFA intake reduced body fat accumulation and increased DIT and sympathetic nerve activity while lowering RQ. Furthermore, human studies demonstrated that increasing the PUFA to SFA ratio increased the contribution of fat to energy expenditure signi®cantly (Jones et al, 1985;Jones & Schoeller, 1988;Jones et al, 1992). It was also demonstrated that increasing the dietary PUFA intake affects the composition of oxidized fat (Clandinin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

et al. 1998

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Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between dietary fat composition and adiposity in adult men. Subjects: A sample of 128 male subjects who participated in Phase 2 of the Que Âbec Family Study. Design: The association between adiposity and total dietary fat intake (TFI), saturated fat intake (SFA), monounsaturated fat intake (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fat intake (PUFA) was analyzed in the overall sample. A comparison of body fatness was also performed between consumers of high (4th quartile) and low amounts (1st quartile) of TFI, SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Results: Signi®cant positive correlations were found between the percentage of dietary energy as total fat and body fatness. Men in the upper quartile of TFI displayed signi®cantly more adiposity than those in the lower quartile. Signi®cant differences were also observed when quartiles were established using SFA and MUFA. However, higher intakes of PUFA had no statistical effects on adiposity. Conclusion: These results con®rm the notion that high fat diets might lead over time to excess body fat deposition. SFA and MUFA intake also seem to be predictors of actual adiposity markers while high PUFA intake seems to exert no effect on these markers. Sponsorship: This work forms part of a research program supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (PG-11811). Descriptors: obesity; polyunsaturated fat; fatty acid composition; lipid intake; three-day dietary record.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data showed that obese subjects partition less SFA for oxidation postprandially as do their lean counterparts (Jones et al, 1992). It was also reported that an increase in the amount of dietary PUFA, while maintaining a low fat diet, increased whole body oxidation of medium and long chain fatty (Clandinin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

et al. 1998

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“…Finally, the particular composition of nuts can affect energy metabolism in such a way that it compensates for the increase in energy availability. Animal and human studies have shown higher diet-induced thermogenesis, higher fat oxidation and less body fat accumulation with unsaturated fat consumption compared to saturated fat intake (Jones et al, 1992;Takeuchi et al, 1995). Resting energy expenditure increase by 11% after regular peanut consumption for 19 weeks (Alper & Mattes, 2002).…”

Section: Effect Of Nuts On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance

2003

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The beneficial effects of nuts on cardiovascular health are well known. However, since nuts provide a high caloric and fat content, some concern exists regarding a potential detrimental effect on body weight and insulin resistance. The current data available did not support such a negative effect of nut consumption on the short term or when nuts are included on diets that meet energy needs. Furthermore, there is some intriguing evidence that nuts can help to regulate body weight and protect against type II diabetes. This, however, still has to be proved and more research is needed to address the specific effects of nuts on satiety, energy balance, body weight and insulin resistance.

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“…For isotope ratio analysis, each sample was injected twice and averaged. 13 C recovery was calculated hourly after ingestion of the label. The average baseline value was subtracted from each post-dose value so that data was expressed as a permil (parts per thousand; ‰) increase relative to the subjects' own baseline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature suggests that the type of fat being consumed may differentially affect excess energy storage and metabolism (4,13,17,19). Oleic acid, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and palmitic acid, a saturated FA, are commonly used to study the effects of different FAs on the body's metabolism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

Cooper

Watras²,

Shriver³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Cooper JA, Watras AC, Shriver T, Adams AK, Schoeller DA. Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol 109: 1011-1018, 2010. First published July 22, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01025.2009.-Acute high-fat (HF) diets can lead to short-term positive fat balances until the body increases fat oxidation to match intake. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a HF diet, rich in either monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids (FAs) and exercise, on the rate at which the body adapts to a HF diet. 13 C-labeled oleate and 2 H-labeled palmitate were also given to determine the contribution of exogenous vs. global fat oxidation. Eight healthy men (age of 18 -45 yr; body mass index of 22 Ϯ 3 kg/m 2 ) were randomized in a 2 ϫ 2 crossover design. The four treatments were a high saturated fat diet with exercise (SE) or sedentary (SS) conditions and a high monounsaturated fat diet with exercise (UE) or sedentary (US) conditions. Subjects stayed for 5 days in a metabolic chamber. All meals were provided. On day 1, 30% of energy intake was from fat, whereas days 2-5 had 50% of energy as fat. Subjects exercised on a stationary cycle at 45% of maximal oxygen uptake for 2 h each day. Respiratory gases and urinary nitrogen were collected to calculate fat oxidation. Change from day 1 to day 5 showed both exercise treatments increased fat oxidation (SE: 76 Ϯ 30 g, P ϭ 0.001; UE: 118 Ϯ 31 g, P Ͻ 0.001), whereas neither sedentary condition changed fat oxidation (SS: Ϫ10 Ϯ 33 g, P ϭ not significant; US: 41 Ϯ 14 g, P ϭ 0.07). No differences for dietary FA composition were found. Exercise led to a faster adaptation to a HF diet by increasing fat oxidation and achieving fat balance by day 5. Dietary FA composition did not differentially affect 24-h fat oxidation. saturated fat; mono-unsaturated fat; nonprotein respiratory exchange ratio; stable isotopes THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY continues to be a leading public health concern in the United States with approximately twothirds of the adult population being classified as overweight or obese (18). The development of obesity is by definition an accumulation of excess body fat due to positive energy balance. This is generally assumed to be caused by periods of positive energy balance resulting in the storage of fat but can also occur from short periods of positive fat balance even under eucaloric feeding conditions if, as hypothesized by Flatt, the weak human leptin system is overpowered by the stronger carbohydrate balance system leading to positive energy balance during the days following the period of positive fat balance (5). We and others have studied conditions that lead to a short-term positive fat balance and have shown that a shift to a high-fat (HF) diet from an average fat diet is not accompanied by an immediate increase in fat oxidation that would match the rate of fat intake even when the diets are eucaloric (6,27,28). The rate of fat oxidation increases only slowly with time, and thus it ca...

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Influence of dietary fat polyunsaturated to saturated ratio on energy substrate utilization in obesity

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance

Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

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