Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

Cemented arthroplasty is a common process to fix prostheses when a patient becomes older and his/her bone quality deteriorates. The applied cements are biocompatible, can transfer loads, and dampen vibrations, but do not provide antibacterial protection. The present work is aimed at the development of cement with antibacterial effectivity achieved with the implementation of nanoparticles of different metals. The powders of Ag, Cu with particles size in a range of 10–30 nm (Cu10) and 70–100 nm (Cu70), AgCu, and Ni were added to PMMA cement. Their influence on compression strength, wettability, and antibacterial properties of cement was assessed. The surface topography of samples was examined with biological and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by compression tests. A contact angle was observed with a goniometer. The biological tests included an assessment of cytotoxicity (XTT test on human cells Saos-2 line) and bacteria viability exposure (6 months). The cements with Ag and Cu nanopowders were free of bacteria. For AgCu and Ni nanoparticles, the bacterial solution became denser over time and, after 6 months, the bacteria clustered into conglomerates, creating a biofilm. All metal powders in their native form in direct contact reduce the number of eukaryotic cells. Cell viability is the least limited by Ag and Cu particles of smaller size. All samples demonstrated hydrophobic nature in the wettability test. The mechanical strength was not significantly affected by the additions of metal powders. The nanometal particles incorporated in PMMA-based bone cement can introduce long-term resistance against bacteria, not resulting in any serious deterioration of compression strength.

Facile preparation of novel type polymethyl methacrylate/CoFe2O4/BNNS composite cements and their caloric performance in alternating magnetic fields

“…This indicates that incorporating small amounts of the BNCoFe powder into the bone cement can enhance its compressive strength and the mechanical properties of the bone cement vary with the nanoparticle content. The obtained results exceeded the values specified in the ISO5833:2002(E) guideline, confirming that BNCoFe doped PMMA bone cement can effectively support the body weight 45,46 …”

“…The obtained results exceeded the values specified in the ISO5833:2002(E) guideline, confirming that BNCoFe doped PMMA bone cement can effectively support the body weight. 45,46…”

Pioneering nanomedicine in orthopedic treatment care: a review of current research and practices

“…Bone fillings, nanomaterials that can be injected, and Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement can be utilized to perform vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. With the improvement of calcium sulfate cement (CSC), and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) ( Barinov and Komlev, 2011 ; Świeczko-Żurek et al, 2022 ), the clinical applications of bone cement have improved. Hydrogels that can be injected are innovative instruments for bone regeneration and healing ( Cheng et al, 2023 ; Li et al, 2023 ).…”

Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties

“…Nanomaterials exhibit specific physical–chemical properties such as a high surface area to mass ratio, minimal diffusion restrictions, and high activity. The addition of nanoparticles could improve the cement’s mechanical and antibacterial properties [ 30 ]. Zurek et al [ 30 ] and Wekwejt et al [ 31 ] studied the effect of nanosilver or nanocopper on the biomechanical properties of the cement.…”

“…The addition of nanoparticles could improve the cement’s mechanical and antibacterial properties [ 30 ]. Zurek et al [ 30 ] and Wekwejt et al [ 31 ] studied the effect of nanosilver or nanocopper on the biomechanical properties of the cement. Microhardness, curing time, wettability, and mechanical tests were carried out.…”