Background.Although there is a conflicting evidence for an association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels and pain, the relationship between pain and the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between serum vitamin D metabolites: 25D and 1,25D with intrusive or chronic pain in community-living men aged ≥70 years.