Influence of duration of hyperventilation on rise time of PCO2, after step reduction of ventilation

Ivanov, S.D.; Nunn, J.F.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(68)90062-5

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus the small (16%) reduction in ventilation observed in the current study would have resulted in a 16% increase in PETCO 2 if the reduced ventilation were maintained, resulting in a final PETCO 2 of 50.8 mmHg. However, to reach steady state, the reduction in ventilation would have had to be maintained for many minutes (8,11), whereas reduced ventilation only occurred for eight breaths (or approximately one-half of a minute-the typical duration of an apnea event), explaining why PETCO 2 was altered minimally. Third, we only assessed 3-to 15-s (AASM-defined) arousals from sleep, and the physiologic changes may differ for arousals with duration outside of this range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspiratory-resistive loading increases the ventilatory response to arousal but does not reduce genioglossus muscle activity on the return to sleep

Cori

Nicholas

Baptista

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Arousals from sleep are thought to predispose to obstructive sleep apnea by causing hyperventilation and hypocapnia, which reduce airway dilator muscle activity on the return to sleep. However, prior studies of auditory arousals have not resulted in reduced genioglossus muscle activity [GG-electromyogram (EMG)], potentially because airway resistance prior to arousal was low, leading to a small ventilatory response to arousal and minimal hypocapnia. Thus we aimed to increase the ventilatory response to arousal by resistive loading prior to auditory arousal and determine whether reduced GG-EMG occurred on the return to sleep. Eighteen healthy young men and women were recruited. Subjects were instrumented with a nasal mask with a pneumotachograph, an epiglottic pressure catheter, and intramuscular GG-EMG electrodes. Mask CO(2) levels were monitored. Three- to 15-s arousals from sleep were induced with auditory tones after resting breathing (No-Load) or inspiratory-resistive loading (Load; average 8.4 cmH(2)O·l(-1)·s(-1)). Peak minute ventilation following arousal was greater after Load than No-Load (mean ± SE; 8.0 ± 0.6 vs. 7.4 ± 0.6 l/min, respectively). However, the nadir end tidal partial pressure of CO(2) did not differ between Load conditions (43.1 ± 0.6 and 42.8 ± 0.5 mmHg, respectively), and no period of reduced GG activity occurred following the return to sleep (GG-EMG baseline, minimum after Load and No-Load = 2.9 ± 1.2%, 3.1 ± 1.3%, and 3.0 ± 1.3% max, respectively). These findings indicate that the hyperventilation, which occurs following tone-induced arousal, is appropriate for the prevailing level of respiratory drive, because loading did not induce marked hypocapnia or lower GG muscle activity on the return to sleep. Whether similar findings occur following obstructive events in patients remains to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspiratory-resistive loading increases the ventilatory response to arousal but does not reduce genioglossus muscle activity on the return to sleep

Cori

Nicholas

Baptista

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…This was suggested by measurements of respiratory exchange ratio (Nunn, 1964) and was demonstrated by Sullivan, Patterson and Papper (1966). A study of the dependence of the time course of rise of Pco 2 on duration of previous hyperventilation was reported by Ivanov and Nunn (1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Reduction of minute volume from 10 to 5 l./min without rebreathing. Certain physiological aspects of the last method have been published separately (Ivanov and Nunn, 1968).…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the rise was much slower than in groups I and II and the duration of reduced ventilation was greatly extended beyond the test periods of 5 minutes used in die other two groups (table III). The change of end-expiratory Pco 2 was considered as a two-component exponential (Ivanov and Nunn, 1968) and typical examples are shown in figure 3. The time-constant of the first component had a mean value of 29.4 (SD 12.0) seconds and was unrelated to the duration of the previous hyperventilation.…”

Section: Group Hi Reduction Of Minute Volume From 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods of Elevation of Pco2 for Restoration of Spontaneous Breathing After Artificial Ventilation of Anaesthetized Patients

Ivanov

Nunn

1970

Survey of Anesthesiology

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“…The PaCO 2 may shift slower and range less than PaO 2 . Ivanov and Nunn 38 reported that, after a rapid change in the tidal volume, the PaCO 2 moved slower than PaO 2 . Our results showed the same trend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate timing of blood sampling for blood gas analysis in the ventilated rabbit

Sei

Fujita

Okawa

et al. 2016

Journal of Surgical Research

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Influence of duration of hyperventilation on rise time of PCO2, after step reduction of ventilation

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Inspiratory-resistive loading increases the ventilatory response to arousal but does not reduce genioglossus muscle activity on the return to sleep

Inspiratory-resistive loading increases the ventilatory response to arousal but does not reduce genioglossus muscle activity on the return to sleep

Methods of Elevation of Pco2 for Restoration of Spontaneous Breathing After Artificial Ventilation of Anaesthetized Patients

Appropriate timing of blood sampling for blood gas analysis in the ventilated rabbit

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