Influence of Emulsified Fuel Properties on the Reduction of BSFC in a Diesel Engine

Experimental investigation on spray, evaporation and combustion characteristics of ethanol-diesel, water-emulsified diesel and neat diesel fuels

“…The greater the density gradient is, the more clearly the spray boundary is. The molecular weight of diesel (170, represented by n-dodecane) is significantly larger than those of water (18), air (29) and ethanol (46). It can be deduced that the spray boundary between diesel vapor and air would be readily to be distinguished, while the boundary between ethanol (or water) vapor and air would be less clear.…”

“…However, there were many inconsistent results on the BSFC, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), CO and HC emissions regarding the use of water-emulsified diesel. Some researchers [45,46] reported clear decreasing trends in BSFC with the increase of water concentration in water-emulsified diesel, while some [30,[47][48][49] showed that BSFC increased significantly by using water-emulsified diesel. Some researchers [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] reported that CO and HC emissions increased by water-emulsified diesel comparing to neat diesel due to the lower combustion temperature [50,51] and more OH radicals dissociated from water [52], while others showed that CO and HC emissions decreased slightly or nearly unchanged by water-emulsified diesel [36,58,59] because micro-explosion improved the fuel combustion process [36,59].…”

Emulsifier-Free Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel via Steam Emulsification: Its Physical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Exhaust Emission

“…Although the energy content for all the WD is significantly lower compared to the B5, the WD consumed the fuel much less than the B5. This is due to the help of microexplosion phenomena that improve combustion efficiency [13]. Microexplosion is secondary atomization of the primary spray as a result of the rapid evaporation process of water that is initially contained in the oil drop, resulting in more surface area of the fine droplets that can be exposed to the air, leading to an improvement in the fuel and air mixing process [7].…”

“…Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 20 the B5. This is due to the help of microexplosion phenomena that improve combustion efficiency [13].…”

“…Figures [13][14][15][16] show the rate of heat release ROHR with traces for B5 and WD (E5, E10, and SD) at varied engine load conditions from 1 to 4 kW and constant speed of 2000 rpm. Rate of heat release is calculated through the following equation, which is based on the pressure data of the engine cylinder and the ratio of specific heat, , is set constant.…”