Influence of environmental factors on the activity of ioxynil salt and ester applied to <i>Stellaria media</i>

Merritt, C. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb00586.x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This allowed us to study not only whether herbicide uptake was an important cause of differences in herbicide efficacy, but also which weather parameters and which conditions promoted the uptake of herbicides. The close relationship between the experimental data and the average uptake/herbicide efficacy isolines showed that herbicide uptake was a major determinant for herbicide efficacy under field conditions, as was previously demonstrated by Merritt (1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Are pre‐spraying growing conditions a major determinant of herbicide efficacy?

et al. 2007

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Summary To evaluate the effect of pre‐spraying growing conditions on herbicide efficacy, two years of experimentation were conducted in which Persicaria maculosa plants were exposed to different light intensities for 1–4 days before metribuzin treatment. Specific leaf area, rather than plant growth rate or plant size, was the only parameter that correlated well with herbicide efficacy in both years of experimentation. The negative relationship between the ED50 and the specific leaf area indicates that leaf characteristics might be an important determinant of herbicide efficacy, for instance through an effect on herbicide uptake. In the third year of experimentation this hypothesis was further investigated by raising six cohorts of weed plants at a 1‐week interval and thus exposing them to a range of weather conditions. Clear relationships between uptake and herbicide efficacy were found for a combination of four plant species (Solanum nigrum, Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album and Brassica napus) and two herbicides (phenmedipham and bentazone). For phenmedipham, uptake was negatively correlated with global radiation and positively correlated with relative humidity. For the herbicide bentazone the opposite was found. These results were not species‐specific. This study shows the importance of the sensitivity of herbicide × species combinations and indicates that pre‐spraying weather information is relevant for the development of reduced dose rate recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Are pre‐spraying growing conditions a major determinant of herbicide efficacy?

et al. 2007

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“…Temperature is one environmental variable which can affect the activity of post‐emergence herbicides. Other environmental factors such as moisture stress, rainfall and humidity have also been found to influence the activity of foliar herbicides ( Merritt, 1984; Kudsk & Kristensen, 1992; Lemerle & Verbeek, 1995; Minkey & Moore, 1996). In adapting the results from this study to the field situation, it could be reasonable to expect that other environmental factors will impact on the activity of flumetsulam and metosulam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained indicate that potential exists for factor adjustment of rate according to the field temperatures around the time of spraying. The conclusions will need to be validated in field experiments before commercial adoption, but we expect the findings to be conservative as differences of herbicide activity in growth cabinet studies are often less pronounced than in the field ( Merritt, 1984; Nalewaja & Woznica, 1985). Certainly field experiments by Minkey & Moore (1996) and Lundkvist (1997) conducted over three seasons both found an order of magnitude range in the effective herbicide rate required to achieve weed control, which they attributed to variation in seasonal climatic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that, for some herbicides, weather can significantly affect the level of activity ( Hallgren, 1989; Minkey & Moore, 1996; Lundkvist, 1997) and temperature, in particular, has been identified as an important climatic factor affecting herbicide activity ( Caseley, 1987). Controlled environment experiments have demonstrated a strong influence of temperature on the activity of many herbicides including MCPA+dichlorprop ( Jensen & Kudsk, 1988; Kudsk & Kristensen, 1992), chlorsulfuron ( Nalewaja & Woznica, 1985), thifensulfuron ( Kudsk et al ., 1990 ) and ioxynil ( Merritt, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature‐mediated responses of flumetsulam and metosulam on Raphanus raphanistrum

Madafiglio¹,

Cornish

Ven³

2000

Weed Research

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The effect of temperature and light after spraying on the activity of flumetsulam and metosulam when applied to seedlings of Raphanus raphanistrum was evaluated under controlled environments. Flumetsulam and metosulam were applied at 0.01–3 times the recommended doses and the plants were subjected to a range of temperatures after spraying. Herbicide activity was estimated from dose–response curves of fresh weight. Varying the temperature after spraying from 1 to 20 °C increased the activity of flumetsulam and metosulam, as determined by comparison of ED50, by a factor of 97 and 7 respectively. Large increases in herbicide activity occurred in the 1–5 °C range and smaller but significant increases at temperatures greater than 5 °C. No significant differences in the activity of the herbicides were found when the plants were subjected to light or dark conditions at 5 °C after spraying. The influence of temperature on activity may lead to opportunities for rate adjustment of flumetsulam and metosulam based on the temperature prevailing around the time of spraying.

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“…Light has been demonstrated to influence the sensitivity of target species to synthetic herbicides. The efficacy of some herbicides is enhanced at lower light intensities (Coupland 1986(Coupland , 1987Merrit 1984;Dogan and Hurle 1998), while for others activity is increased by light (Devine et al 1993; Petersen and Hurle 2001). A similar increase in efficacy of exuded allelochemicals by light may also caused observed differential allelopathic effects.…”

Section: The Parallel-line Concept-ed 50 In Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Response—A Challenge for Allelopathy?

Belz

Hurle

Duke

2005

Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, Medicine

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The response of an organism to a chemical depends, among other things, on the dose. Nonlinear dose-response relationships occur across a broad range of research fields, and are a well established tool to describe the basic mechanisms of phytotoxicity. The responses of plants to allelochemicals as biosynthesized phytotoxins, relate as well to nonlinearity and, thus, allelopathic effects can be adequately quantified by nonlinear mathematical modeling. The current paper applies the concept of nonlinearity to assorted aspects of allelopathy within several bioassays and reveals their analysis by nonlinear regression models. Procedures for a valid comparison of effective doses between different allelopathic interactions are presented for both, inhibitory and stimulatory effects. The dose-response applications measure and compare the responses produced by pure allelochemicals [scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one); DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxaxin-3(4H)-one); BOA (benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one); MBOA (6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one)], involved in allelopathy of grain crops, to demonstrate how some general principles of dose responses also relate to allelopathy. Hereupon, dose-response applications with living donor plants demonstrate the validity of these principles for density-dependent phytotoxicity of allelochemicals produced and released by living plants (Avena sativa L., Secale cereale L., Triticum L. spp.), and reveal the use of such experiments for initial considerations about basic principles of allelopathy. Results confirm that nonlinearity applies to allelopathy, and the study of allelopathic effects in dose-response experiments allows for new and challenging insights into allelopathic interactions.

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Influence of environmental factors on the activity of ioxynil salt and ester applied to Stellaria media

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Are pre‐spraying growing conditions a major determinant of herbicide efficacy?

Are pre‐spraying growing conditions a major determinant of herbicide efficacy?

Temperature‐mediated responses of flumetsulam and metosulam on Raphanus raphanistrum

Dose-Response—A Challenge for Allelopathy?

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