Influence of ethanol-wet dentin, adhesive mode of application, and aging on bond strength of universal adhesive

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the bond longevity of a universal adhesive system to bovine dentin, under different modes of adhesive application and artificial aging. Bovine dentin was exposed, and the smear layer was standardized by sandpaper polishing. Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups: ethanol (E) and non-ethanol (N). Groups were subdivided according to adhesive mode of application into etch-and-rinse (Er) and self-etching (S). Resin blocks were built onto the treated surface, and the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 48 h. Half of the specimens (n = 10) were subjected to thermomechanical aging (A for aged and Na for non-aged). Resin/dentin beams were obtained and subjected to microtensile test in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 5%). There was interaction among the three factors (p=0.0003). The use of ethanol resulted in higher values, except for the Er and Na groups (E_Er_Na = N_Er_Na). The mode of application was similar, except for the N and A groups (N_S_A > N_Er_A). For the A groups, the values were lower, except in the cases using ethanol, in which the results were not affected. The study concluded that the use of ethanol resulted in higher microtensile bond strength values, even after aging. The mode of adhesive application did not influence the results.

Comparison of bond strength of universal adhesives using different etching modes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Despite immediate efficacy, irrespective of the etch-and-rinse or the self-etch mode, there are major concerns when dentin bond strength is tested after aging even for a short period, i.e. 6 months [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . To obtain a long-term bond strength close to the oral environment in vitro, researchers have mainly adopted the following aging methods: water immersion aging, mechanical cycles or/and thermocycling aging.…”

Six-month performance of restorations produced with the ethanol-wet-bonding technique: a randomized trial

“…11 Questions regarding the effect of the amount of remaining water on the bond strength with hydrophobic adhesives have been raised, and that issue has been evaluated in an in vitro study. 25 The results were acceptable when hydrophilic adhesives were used with EBWT, possibly due to the combination of the remaining water in dentin and the water from the adhesive composition. The implementation of a new layer of water in a dehydrated dentin surface is questionable, but that association has been reported to be effective in in vitro conditions, warranting clinical investigations.…”

“…38 Longer-term evaluations are required to validate this statement. The effect of EWBT on the self-etching mode of universal adhesives might be explained by the ethanol application modifying the organic matrix of the smear layer, 25 allowing crystals to be available for bonding with the adhesive system and possibly assisting the interdiffusion of the adhesive monomers in the smear layer and the collagen fibrils.…”

Comparison of microleakage between different restorative materials to restore marginal gap at crown margin

“…Presences of ethanol within the primer enhance the wetting of the dentin and metal surface (Alex, 2015). As a result, it will assist in the infiltration of adhesive into the demineralized dentin and to maintain the expanded collagen network (De Souza, Di Nicoló & Bresciani, 2018).…”