Influence of expanded vermiculite on physical properties and thermal conductivity of clay bricks

Characteristics of fired clay bricks with pumice additive

“…And they do not satisfy for structural applications [41,42]. Sutcu [6] produced clay based bricks containing vermiculite up to 10 %, and obtained almost about the same thermal conductivity but lower compressive strength. Bricks with pumice present both thermal isolation and strength required for structural applications.…”

“…About 30 % of this energy or heat loss occurs through the walls [4]. An important way of achieving better energy efficiency in buildings is to improve their thermal insulation properties [5,6].…”

“…Some different pore-forming materials such as wood saw dust, polymers, leather residues, polystyrene, organic residues, coal dust, powder limestone, paper-making sludge and mineral additives that act by thermal decomposition and volatilization in brick body have been widely used [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Also heat-resistant porous materials such as diatomite, zeolite, vermiculite and perlite have been evaluated in the ceramic brick structures [6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Vermicular kaolinite relics in fly ash derived from Bokaro and Jharia coals (Jharkhand, India)

“…The recent discovery of partially baked clay relics showing vermicular forms in fly ashes from the Bokaro Coalfield in India has drawn attention to the possibility of the occurrence of such materials in at least some coal combustion products. The textures resemble in some respects those found in expanded vermiculite heated at 600°C for 10 s for brick manufacturing (Sutcu, 2015), where they represent a transitional stage between clay relics and glassy aluminosilicate spheres. Such expanded vermiculite typically has an worm-or accordion-like form in bulk samples and displays elongated networks in cross-section; these are formed as the clays expand rapidly when heated and then exfoliate as the interlayer water turns into steam, forcing the silicate layers apart (Hillier et al, 2013).…”

Incorporation of Palm Kernel Shell into Fired Clay Brick

“…Meanwhile, CB was obtained lowest porosity with 14.65%. It was acclaimed that high porosity could reduce thermal conductivity of brick as well as beneficial for higher energy saving in building application [10][11]. …”