Influence of fat-rich versus carbohydrate-rich diets on bile acid kinetics, biliary lipids, and net steroid balance in hyperlipidemic subjects

Andersen, Eva; Hellström, Kjell

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90163-8

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While caloric restriction does not appear to affect bile acid pool size or composition in man (Duane et al, 1976; Jahansouz et al, 2016; van Nierop et al, 2016), the few studies that have examined the effect of altering dietary fat source and fat composition, commonly occurring in the postoperative period, have yielded inconsistent effects (Andersén and Hellström, 1980; Lindstedt et al, 1965). Diet is known to induce changes in bile acid species and total bile acid pool (Bisschop et al, 2004; M.…”

Section: Bile Acids and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acids and bariatric surgery

Albaugh

Banan

Ajouz

et al. 2017

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

116

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Bariatric surgery, specifically Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are the most effective and durable treatments for morbid obesity and potentially a viable treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The resolution rate of T2D following these procedures is between 40-80% and far surpasses that achieved by medical management alone. The molecular basis for this improvement is not entirely understood, but has been attributed in part to the altered enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. In this review we highlight how bile acids potentially contribute to improved lipid and glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure after these procedures. The impact of altered bile acid levels in enterohepatic circulation is also associated with changes in gut microflora, which may further contribute to some of these beneficial effects. We highlight the beneficial effects of experimental surgical procedures in rodents that alter bile secretory flow without gastric restriction or altering nutrient flow. This information suggests a role for bile acids beyond dietary fat emulsification in altering whole body glucose and lipid metabolism strongly, and also suggests emerging roles for the activation of the bile acid receptors farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and G-protein coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) in these improvements. The limitations of rodent studies and the current state of our understanding is reviewed and the potential effects of bile acids mediating the short-and long-term metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery is critically examined.

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Section: Bile Acids and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acids and bariatric surgery

Albaugh

Banan

Ajouz

et al. 2017

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

116

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“…Besides dietary fat level, also dietary carbohydrate level can affect bile acid synthesis. Andersen and Hellstrom (1980) showed an increase in bile acid synthesis in humans which switched from a diet in which 60% of the energy was supplied by fat to a diet in which the energy was supplied by carbohydrates. In this study, the increase in bile acid synthesis when feeding the high carbohydrate diet was ascribed to the non‐starch polysaccharide fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of type of dietary non‐protein energy source (starch vs. fat) on the body bile acid pool size and composition, faecal bile acid loss and bile acid synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss)

et al. 2021

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Effects of the type of dietary non‐protein energy source on the size and composition of the total body bile acid pool, on faecal bile acid loss and on bile acid synthesis were investigated in rainbow trout. Two diets were formulated (similar DP:DE ratio) that differed in the inclusion of either maize starch (Starch) or rapeseed oil (Fat) as main non‐protein source. Fish were fed to satiation for 44 days. Type of non‐protein energy source did not substantially affect the body bile acid pool composition. However, feeding the Starch diet resulted in a larger total body bile acid pool size compared with the Fat diet, and this despite enhanced faecal bile acid loss when feeding the Starch diet that was related to more faeces being produced. Bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Starch diet was more than two times higher compared with fish fed the Fat diet. The difference in body bile acid pool size between diets suggests upregulation of bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Starch diet beyond the level needed to compensate for the higher faecal bile acid loss and/or downregulation of bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Fat diet. The underlying mechanisms for this difference in synthesis need further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acids in rainbow trout : Keeping a balance

Staessen¹

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G e n e r a l I n t r o d u c t i o n | 13 esterified to glycerol. Fatty acids consist of a carboxylic acid group on one end of a carbon chain, and a methyl group on the other end. Fatty acids can differ from each other in two ways, being the carbon chain length and the degree of saturation.The utilisation of triacylglycerides entails several processes, including digestion, absorption, reconstitution, transport to different tissues, incorporation into cells and producing energy through βoxidation (Olsen and Ringø, 1997). The focus of this thesis is fat digestion. Efficient fat digestion requires the presence of emulsifiers, the latter coming from the feed (e.g., proteins and phospholipids), but mainly from endogenously secreted bile acids (see section 1.3) and phospholipids (Bakke et al., 2010). Fat digestion also requires lipase for hydrolysis. There are three main types of lipase that are secreted by the pancreas, being phospholipase, pancreatic lipase (i.e., co-lipase-dependent lipase) and the bile salt-activated lipase (i.e., carboxyl ester lipase) (Tocher, 2010). Both pancreatic lipase and bile salt-activated lipase can hydrolyse triacylglycerides. However, the bile salt-activated lipase, which requires the presence of bile acids, has a broader substrate specificity (e.g., wax esters, mono-, di-and triacylglycerides, phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamin esters and cholesteryl) than the pancreatic lipase (Iijima et al., 1998;Kurtovic et al., 2009). The bile salt-activated lipase might be the dominant type of lipase in marine fish, however, the importance of bile salt-activated lipase in freshwater fish is not clear (Kurtovic et al., 2009;Romano et al., 2020). Whether monoacylglycerides are the main products of lipolysis in fish, in accordance with mammals, is not known (Bakke et al., 2010). Dietary fat is digested mainly in the proximal part of the intestine, or the pyloric caeca if present, although this can vary depending on fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation. (Diaz et al., 1997;Olsen and Ringø, 1997;Røsjø et al., 2000). Most fish studies reporting fat digestibility found values that lie within the range of 85-99% (Bakke et al., 2010).The absorption of fat in fish is still not well understood, although it is thought to be broadly similar as in mammals (Tocher, 2010). Fatty acids that are released by mixed micelles (see section 1.3) are thought to be absorbed by diffusion or facilitated transport (Bakke et al., 2010;Concha et al., 2002).In the enterocytes, the absorbed free fatty acids are re-esterified to form triacylglycerides (Oxley et al., 2007). Transport of fat in the body requires macromolecular protein-containing complexes which are called lipoproteins. Different classes are distinguished by order of density and decreasing size: chylomicrons, VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins), IDL (intermediate density-lipoproteins), LDL (low density-lipoproteins) and HDL (high-density lipoproteins). Fat from the intestine is initially transported to the liver and other adipose tissues in the form of c...

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Influence of fat-rich versus carbohydrate-rich diets on bile acid kinetics, biliary lipids, and net steroid balance in hyperlipidemic subjects

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Bile acids and bariatric surgery

Bile acids and bariatric surgery

Effect of type of dietary non‐protein energy source (starch vs. fat) on the body bile acid pool size and composition, faecal bile acid loss and bile acid synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss)

Bile acids in rainbow trout : Keeping a balance

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