Influence of filter ventilation on the chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke

Cigarette design and marketing features are associated with increased smoking susceptibility and perception of reduced harm among smokers in 27 EU countries

“…These elements fell into three main groups: (1) Modifications involving cigarette stick characteristics (eg, length or diameter) or tobacco ingredient formulation (eg, tobacco blend)—which are generally the most important determinants of the chemosensory properties of tobacco smoke including taste, irritation, strength and impact 7 16 17. (2) Additive enhancements such as the use of characterising flavours to increase smoking appeal/attractiveness, particularly among naïve smokers 18 19.…”

Exposure to and deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes

“…Participants' average puff volume and flow rate for both cigarettes were significantly higher than the MA-BS puffing parameters (54 vs. 45 mL for puff volume, 27 vs. 22.5 mL/s for flow rate). It has been demonstrated that cigarettes with less filter ventilation that are smoked more intensely yield a more complete combustion resulting in differences in the emitted semivolatile and volatile chemicals (Adam et al, 2010). Thus, the test cigarettes' different physical properties, i.e., pressure drop, tip dilution, paper permeability (Supplementary Table S-1), and the more aggressive puffing performed by the participants, may explain the disparity between the characterization data and the participants' MLEs to NNK.…”

Trace metal concentrations in cigarette brands commonly available in Turkey: relation with human health

“…When the soil that tobacco plant is growing in contains high amount of trace heavy metals, then the levels of trace metals in tobacco will be high. Other factors that affect metal absorption by tobacco plant are soil pH, sewage sludge, and fertilizers applied to crops (Fowles and Dybing 2003;Adam et al 2010;Talio, Luconi, and Fernandez 2011). Trace metal concentrations in different cigarette samples vary widely and the variations are country-specific and product-specific. Limited data are available to the authors regarding the cigarette smoking in Turkey during the last decade (Barlas et al 2001;Narin, Tuzen, and Soylak 2004;Ç iftc¸i and Ö lc¸u¨cu¨2007).…”

“…The source of heavy trace metals for tobacco plant is probably soil, fertilizers, and pesticides (Adam et al 2010). When the soil that tobacco plant is growing in contains high amount of trace heavy metals, then the levels of trace metals in tobacco will be high.…”