Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza-East lignite (Bulgaria)

Bechtel, Achim; Sachsenhofer, Reinhard F.; Zdravkov, Alexander; Kostova, I.; Gratzer, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.07.003

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In contrast, terpenoids provide PFT specificity because tricyclic diterpenoids are unique to woody gymnosperms and pentacyclic triterpenoids are unique to woody angiosperms. Therefore, ratios of these terpenoids, after accounting for production and preservational biases, may provide estimates of PFT (30). Also, terpenoid δ 13 C values can be used to calculate PFT-specific Δ leaf values (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Diefendorf

Mueller

Wing

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

767

640

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Fractionation of carbon isotopes by plants during CO 2 uptake and fixation (Δ leaf ) varies with environmental conditions, but quantitative patterns of Δ leaf across environmental gradients at the global scale are lacking. This impedes interpretation of variability in ancient terrestrial organic matter, which encodes climatic and ecological signals. To address this problem, we converted 3,310 published leaf δ 13 C values into mean Δ leaf values for 334 woody plant species at 105 locations (yielding 570 species-site combinations) representing a wide range of environmental conditions. Our analyses reveal a strong positive correlation between Δ leaf and mean annual precipitation (MAP; R 2 ¼ 0.55), mirroring global trends in gross primary production and indicating stomatal constraints on leaf gas-exchange, mediated by water supply, are the dominant control of Δ leaf at large spatial scales. Independent of MAP, we show a lesser, negative effect of altitude on Δ leaf and minor effects of temperature and latitude. After accounting for these factors, mean Δ leaf of evergreen gymnosperms is lower (by 1-2.7‰) than for other woody plant functional types (PFT), likely due to greater leaf-level water-use efficiency. Together, environmental and PFT effects contribute to differences in mean Δ leaf of up to 6‰ between biomes. Coupling geologic indicators of ancient precipitation and PFT (or biome) with modern Δ leaf patterns has potential to yield more robust reconstructions of atmospheric δ 13 C values, leading to better constraints on past greenhouse-gas perturbations. Accordingly, we estimate a 4.6‰ decline in the δ 13 C of atmospheric CO 2 at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, an abrupt global warming event ∼55.8 Ma.biogeochemistry | ecophysiology | fractionation | PETM H uman perturbation of the global carbon (C) cycle is potentially far greater in rate and magnitude than variations in the recent past, pushing predictions of future climate beyond the calibration range of models based on modern and near-modern observations. Robust predictions of future impacts of rising CO 2 require not only extrapolation of ecological patterns along modern environmental gradients but also insights gained from changing ecological patterns at times of high CO 2 and hot climate in the geologic past (1 and 2). Global patterns of variation in leaf carbon isotope (δ 13 C leaf ) values potentially record climate-driven changes in modern plant physiology and biogeochemistry. An understanding of factors controlling plant fractionation (Δ leaf ) at the global scale will improve interpretations of past changes in climate and ecology recorded in ancient terrestrial sedimentary organic carbon (2). Patterns in δ 13 C leaf of living plants at the global scale, however, are unresolved in spite of abundant published data at smaller spatial scales.In living plants, δ 13 C leaf values reflect the balance of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and their coupled response to the environment (3). Edaphic factors (e.g., water availability, alt...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Diefendorf

Mueller

Wing

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

767

640

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“…More specific biomarkers of gymnosperm input are diterpenes and sesquiterpenes that are largely used to identify a gymnosperm contribution to OM in amber and resin, soil, sediments, rocks (coals included) and even aerosols (e.g. Simoneit et al, 1985Simoneit et al, , 1993Killops et al, 1995;Otto and Simoneit, 2002;Bechtel et al, 2005;Otto and Simpson, 2005). Nevertheless, few of these terpenoids are specific at the level of the genus or at least of the family (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methoxy-serratenes in a soil under conifers and their potential use as biomarkers of Pinaceae

Milbeau

Lavrieux

Jacob

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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International audienceIn the frame of a study aimed at defining new soil molecular biomarkers that could attest to former land use and that could also be screened in lake sediments for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, we analysed the 2-4 cm depth layer of a soil developed under a conifer forest in the Lake Aydat catchment (French Massif Central). The lipid fraction of the sample contained 12 serratenoids bearing at least a methoxyl (OMe) group at C-3 or C-21 and various additional functional groups (alcohol, ketone or acetate). A survey of the literature provided indubitable evidence that these compounds are typical for Pinaceae species, in agreement with the surrounding vegetation at the sampling site. Due to the economic and ecological importance of the taxa, the presence of these highly specific compounds in soil, sediments or peat should therefore help in unravelling the timing of forestry activity

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“…This result is consistent with the palynomorph assemblages mentioned above. Oleanane is a biomarker derived from angiosperms (Rullkötter et al, 1994;Bechtel et al, 2005). The absence of oleanane indicates that the source rocks were deposited far from angiosperm input (Moldowan et al, 1994).…”

Section: Depositional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of Lower-Middle Miocene Küçükkuyu Formation, Edremit Gulf, NW Turkey

Bozcu¹

2017

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The Lower-Middle Miocene Küçükkuyu Formation crops out extensively in the Edremit Gulf area (NW Turkey). In this study, shale samples from this unit were investigated to evaluate source rock characteristics, depositional conditions, and hydrocarbon potential. Outcrop samples of the Küçükkuyu Formation were taken from different locations and analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (R o ), stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C), total sulfur (TS), gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total organic carbon (TOC) values range from 0.23 to 6.1 wt.% with an average of 1.76 wt.% for the northern samples and 0.24 to 2.82 wt.% with an average of 1.66 wt.% for the southern samples around the Edremit Gulf. Hydrogen index (HI) values were up to 606 and 712 mg HC/g TOC in the north and south of the gulf, respectively. Organic matter type in the formation consists predominantly of Type II and III kerogen with a minor component of Type I kerogen. Tmax values ranging from 414 to 496 °C in the north and 423 to 446 °C in the south of the gulf indicate that most samples are at the beginning of the oil generation window and are thermally immature or early-mid-mature. Vitrinite reflectance (R o ) and biomarker maturity parameters support this result. Based on geological observations, biomarker distributions, and TOC/TS ratios, the Küçükkuyu Formation was deposited in a freshwater to slightly brackish water environment under anoxic-suboxic conditions with organic matter input from aquatic organisms and from terrestrial higher plants. According to Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, the Küçükkuyu Formation mostly has medium to good hydrocarbongeneration potential. However, as these potential source rocks are in general immature and/or early-mature, the hydrocarbon potential of the study area is very limited.

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Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza-East lignite (Bulgaria)

Cited by 78 publications

References 55 publications

Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Methoxy-serratenes in a soil under conifers and their potential use as biomarkers of Pinaceae

Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of Lower-Middle Miocene Küçükkuyu Formation, Edremit Gulf, NW Turkey

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Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza-East lignite (Bulgaria)

Cited by 78 publications

References 55 publications

Global patterns in leaf 13 C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Global patterns in leaf 13 C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Methoxy-serratenes in a soil under conifers and their potential use as biomarkers of Pinaceae

Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of Lower-Middle Miocene Küçükkuyu Formation, Edremit Gulf, NW Turkey

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Product

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Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate

Global patterns in leaf ¹³ C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate