Influence of foliar spray of ethephon and water stress on the essential oil composition and impact on the cytotoxic activity of Thymus vulgaris aerial parts

Abstract

Thymus vulgaris, (Lamiaceae), essential oils composition and yield, were found to be greatly influenced by water stress and growth enhancers. Therefore, three controlled cultivation conditions were applied to achieve the highest essential oil productivity of T. vulgaris. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts were analyzed using (GC-MS). The tested plant subjected to drought showed a 66% increase in the essential oil yield, while those subjected to drought stress and foliar spray showed 57.1% increase and the regularly irrigated group with foliar spraying showed 23.8% increase relative to the control group. The cytotoxic activity of T. vulgaris essential oils was evaluated against lung (A-549), colon (HCT-116), intestinal (CACO) and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma using the cell viability assay. The lowest IC values 0.44 and 0.33 μg/mL were seen against (HCT-116) and (CACO) cells respectively. These IC values were lower than that of doxorubicin used as reference drug.

Thymus vulgaris and Allium sativum essential oils showed inhibitory effects on Candida albicans biofilms

“…Thymus vulgaris was classi ed as slightly cytotoxic. This nding is in accordance to previous study that analyzed the cytotoxic activity of T. vulgaris essential oils against other cell lines, obtaining lower cytotoxicity values than doxorubicin used as a reference drug in the trial (Hassan et al 2019).…”

Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Some Species from Lamiaceae Family

“…The major constituents were p-cymene (31.62% v/w), γ-terpenine (17.72% v/w), thymyl methyl ether (9.83% v/w), and thymol (7.38% v/w). The cytotoxic effect of EO was tested in four cell lines: A-549, IC 50 of 7.22 μg/mL; HCT-116, IC 50 of 3.61 μg/mL; CaCo-2, IC 50 of 1.93 μg/mL; and MCF-7, IC 50 of 9.52 μg/mL [20].…”

Screening of Anticancer Properties of some Medicinal Plants - Review

“…For eg. n-hexane extract of P. longipes contained 7a-acetoxyroyleanone, horminone, royleanone, (Luo et al, 2014); methanol extract of P. cubeba contained monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, β-elemene, β-cubebene, βpinene (Graidist et al, 2015) ; ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica contained phenol, 4,6-di (1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl (Abdullah et al, 2014); methanolic extract of L. amara contained alkaloids and lunacrine (Zubair et al, 2016); ethanolic extract of Cratavea magna contained flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins (Meera and Chidambaranathan, 2017); aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O. vulgare contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, chlorogenic, caffeic, pcoumaric, ferulic, rosmarinic and ursolic acids p-cymene, l-octocosanol and phytol (Beltrán et al, 2017); dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. nigra contained ascorbic acid, gallic acid , 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, pcoumaric acid, rutinhydrate (Turan et al, 2017); essential oils of O. vulgare contained limonene, thymol, carvacrol ,citral (Elshafie et al, 2017 ); essential oil of T. vulgaris contained P-cymene, γ terpenine, thymyl methyl ether, thymol, p-cymene, o-cymene (Hassan et al, 2018), etc. different solvent extracts from T. rosea contained o-xylene, 2,4-dimethylhexane, methyl cyclohexane, methylbenzene, 3-Pentene-2-one, alkaloid and pentacyclic triterpenes (Perera et al, 2019); methanol bark extract of A. lebbeck contained 2-(4-methyloctadecanoyl)imidazole, levo-5adihydronorgestrel, 9-octadecyonoic acid, methyl ester, octadec-9-enoic acid, 10octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, dodecanoic acid, 11-oxo-methyl ester, 4,7methanoazulene, decahydro -1,4,9,9tetramethyl, benzene, 1-pentynyl, benzene, 1,4-bis(4-acetylphenyliminomethyl), 4h-1benzopyron-4-one,7-hydroxy (Sivaraj et al, 2019), etc.…”