Influence of fungal decay by different basidiomycetes on the structural integrity of Norway spruce wood

Brischke, Christian; Welzbacher, Christian; Huckfeldt, Tobias

doi:10.1007/s00107-008-0257-1

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The evolution of brown rot is associated with extensive losses of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including peroxidases, laccases, and other ligninolytic oxidases, as well as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), coupled with reductions in cellulose-binding modules (CBM1s) associated with diverse CAZymes. Nevertheless, brown rot fungi cause rapid loss of strength and mass in wood substrates (6,7,(12)(13)(14). The model brown rot fungus Postia placenta (also known as Rhodonia placenta) appears to attack wood cell walls in a two-step process, in which reactive oxygen species are first deployed to effect an oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulose, followed by the action of GHs that break down cellulose and hemicellulose into assimilable sugars, leaving lignin as a modified polymeric residue (15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Substrate-Specific Differential Gene Expression and RNA Editing in the Brown Rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola

Gaskell

Held

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Wood-decaying fungi tend to have characteristic substrate ranges that partly define their ecological niche. is a brown rot species of Polyporales that is reported on 82 species of softwoods and 42 species of hardwoods. We analyzed the gene expression levels and RNA editing profiles of from submerged cultures with ground wood powder (sampled at 5 days) or solid wood wafers (sampled at 10 and 30 days), using aspen, pine, and spruce substrates (aspen was used only in submerged cultures). expressed similar sets of wood-degrading enzymes typical of brown rot fungi across all culture conditions and time points. Nevertheless, differential gene expression and RNA editing were observed across all pairwise comparisons of substrates and time points. Genes exhibiting differential expression and RNA editing encode diverse enzymes with known or potential function in brown rot decay, including laccase, benzoquinone reductase, aryl alcohol oxidase, cytochrome P450s, and various glycoside hydrolases. There was no overlap between differentially expressed and differentially edited genes, suggesting that these may provide with independent mechanisms for responding to different conditions. Comparing transcriptomes from submerged cultures and wood wafers, we found that culture conditions had a greater impact on global expression profiles than substrate wood species. In contrast, the suites of genes subject to RNA editing were much less affected by culture conditions. These findings highlight the need for standardization of culture conditions in studies of gene expression in wood-decaying fungi. All species of wood-decaying fungi occur on a characteristic range of substrates (host plants), which may be broad or narrow. Understanding the mechanisms that enable fungi to grow on particular substrates is important for both fungal ecology and applied uses of different feedstocks in industrial processes. We grew the wood-decaying polypore on three different wood species, aspen, pine, and spruce, under various culture conditions. We examined both gene expression (transcription levels) and RNA editing (posttranscriptional modification of RNA, which can potentially yield different proteins from the same gene). We found that is able to modify both gene expression and RNA editing profiles across different substrate species and culture conditions. Many of the genes involved encode enzymes with known or predicted functions in wood decay. This work provides clues to how wood-decaying fungi may adjust their arsenal of decay enzymes to accommodate different host substrates.

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confidence: 99%

Substrate-Specific Differential Gene Expression and RNA Editing in the Brown Rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola

Gaskell

Held

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Because the internal mycelium growth border was determined on the 48 th specimen, this observation might be explained to some extent by ingrown mycelium with little metabolizing effect of wood substance, as earlier described by Huckfeldt and Schmidt (2006). Brischke et al (2008) conducted a high-energy multiple impact test with specimens previously exposed to different fungi in pile tests. The tests revealed that a remarkable decrease in structural integrity is detectable for specimens with mass increment due to ingrown mycelium.…”

Section: And MC Of Untreated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical moisture conditions for fungal decay of modified wood by basidiomycetes as detected by pile tests

Meyer

Brischke

Treu³

et al. 2015

Holzforschung

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Abstract:The aim of cell wall modification is to keep wood moisture content (MC) below favorable conditions for decay organisms. However, thermally modified, furfurylated, and acetylated woods partly show higher MCs than untreated wood in outdoor exposure. The open question is to which extent decay is influenced by the presence of liquid water in cell lumens. The present paper contributes to this topic and reports on physiological threshold values for wood decay fungi with respect to modified wood. In total, 4200 specimens made from acetylated, furfurylated, and thermally modified beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine sapwood (sW) (Pinus sylvestris L.) were exposed to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor. Piles consisting of 50 small specimens were incubated above malt agar in Erlenmeyer flasks for 16 weeks. In general, pile upward mass loss (ML) and MC decreased. Threshold values for fungal growth and decay (ML ≥ 2%) were determined. In summary, the minimum MC for fungal decay was slightly below fiber saturation point of the majority of the untreated and differently modified materials. Surprisingly, T. versicolor was able to degrade untreated beech wood at a minimum of 15% MC, and growth was possible at 13% MC. By contrast, untreated pine sW was not decayed by C. puteana at less than 29% MC.

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“…Journal of Computational Engineering together with (14), followed by application of (9) and (10), gives coupled strength and temperature expressions; thus,…”

Section: Temperature Dependent Strength Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models developed in this paper take the form of honeycomb systems shown in Figure 1, which are known to approximate three dimensional foams [10,13], resembling intumescent foamed char. In addition honeycombs are suitable model systems for other cellular solids such as timber, which are also known to be highly combustible and char upon burning [14]. Another example is bituminous coal which when charring can form a variety of ash structures, with tenuinetwork char in particular favouring a thin-walled honeycomb centre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modelling of the Structural Integrity following Mass-Loss in Polymeric Charred Cellular Solids

Whitty

Francis

Howe

et al. 2014

Journal of Computational Engineering

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A novel computational technique is presented for embedding mass-loss due to burning into the ANSYS finite element modelling code. The approaches employ a range of computational modelling methods in order to provide more complete theoretical treatment of thermoelasticity absent from the literature for over six decades. Techniques are employed to evaluate structural integrity (namely, elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratios, and compressive brittle strength) of honeycomb systems known to approximate three-dimensional cellular chars. That is, reducing the mass of diagonal ribs and both diagonal-plus-vertical ribs simultaneously show rapid decreases in the structural integrity of both conventional and reentrant (auxetic, i.e., possessing a negative Poisson’s ratio) honeycombs. On the other hand, reducing only the vertical ribs shows initially modest reductions in such properties, followed by catastrophic failure of the material system. Calculations of thermal stress distributions indicate that in all cases the total stress is reduced in reentrant (auxetic) cellular solids. This indicates that conventional cellular solids are expected to fail before their auxetic counterparts. Furthermore, both analytical and FE modelling predictions of the brittle crush strength of both auxteic and conventional cellular solids show a relationship with structural stiffness.

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Influence of fungal decay by different basidiomycetes on the structural integrity of Norway spruce wood

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Substrate-Specific Differential Gene Expression and RNA Editing in the Brown Rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola

Substrate-Specific Differential Gene Expression and RNA Editing in the Brown Rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola

Critical moisture conditions for fungal decay of modified wood by basidiomycetes as detected by pile tests

Computational Modelling of the Structural Integrity following Mass-Loss in Polymeric Charred Cellular Solids

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