Influence of gas flow on thermal field and stress during growth of sapphire single crystal using Kyropoulos method

Czochralski Growth of Oxides and Fluorides

“…Stepanov and EFG methods were used to make single crystal fibers, tubes, and rod-shaped sapphire [2,3]. Kyropoulos and heat exchange methods were utilized to grow huge sapphire crystals [4,5]. Kyropoulos and heat exchange methods were utilized to grow huge sapphire crystals [4,5].…”