Influence of genotype on metabolic variables, colostrum and milk composition of primiparous sows

Farmer, C.; Charagu, Patrick; Palin, Marie‐France

doi:10.4141/cjas07041

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our study was performed in PIC sows of which colostrum composition was not described before. Farmer et al (2007) showed that chemical colostrum composition differs between genotypes yet never as much as we observed. Sows in our study were mostly catabolic during the month before farrowing and we should consider this as a factor affecting colostrum composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Changes in back fat thickness during late gestation predict colostrum yield in sows

Decaluwé

Maes

Declerck

et al. 2013

Animal

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Directing protein and energy sources towards lactation is crucial to optimise milk production in sows but how this influences colostrum yield (CY) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify associations between CY and the sow's use of nutrient resources. We included 37 sows in the study that were all housed, fed and managed similarly. Parity, back fat change (ΔBF), CY and performance parameters were measured. We obtained sow serum samples 3 to 4 days before farrowing and at D1 of lactation following overnight fasting. These were analysed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, (iso) butyrylcarnitine (C4) and immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA). The colostrum samples collected 3, 6 and 24 h after the birth of the first piglet were analysed for their nutrient and immunoglobulins content. The technical parameters associated with CY were parity group (a; parities 1 to 3 = value 0 v. parities 4 to 7 = value 1) and ΔBF D85-D109 of gestation (mm) (b): CY (g) = 4290-842a-113b. ( R 2 = 0.41, P < 0.001). The gestation length ( P < 0.001) and the ΔBF between D109 and D1 of lactation (P = 0.050) were identified as possible underlying factors of the parity group. The metabolic parameters associated with CY were C4 at 3 to 4 days before farrowing (a), and 10logC4 (b) and 10logNEFA (c) at D1 of lactation: CY ( g) = 3582-1604a + 1007b − 922c ( R 2 = 0.39, P = 0.001). The colostrum composition was independent of CY. The negative association between CY and ΔBF D85-D109 of gestation could not be further explained based on our data. Sows that were catabolic 1 week prior to farrowing seemed unable to produce colostrum to their full potential. This was especially the case for sows with parities 4 to 7, although they had a similar feed intake, litter birth weight and colostrum composition compared with parities 1 to 3 sows. In conclusion, this study showed that parity and the use of body fat and protein reserves during late gestation were associated with CY, indicating that proper management of the sow's body condition during late gestation could optimise the intrinsic capacity of the sow's CY.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Changes in back fat thickness during late gestation predict colostrum yield in sows

Decaluwé

Maes

Declerck

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…Lactating sows from a Chinese-derived breed, known for its high milking capacity, had more parenchymal RNA and a greater RNA:DNA ratio than Yorkshire sows, whereas mammary DNA was similar for both breeds (Farmer et al 2003). These findings differ somewhat from the present results, where not only RNA, but also mammary cell number was related to milk yield in sows from the same breed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Much of the difference in milk production between beef and dairy cows is due to increased mammary Abbreviations: FFA, free fatty acids; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LEP, leptin; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PPIA, peptidylpropyl isomerase A; pPRL, porcine prolactin; pPRLR-LF, porcine prolactin receptor, long form; pPRLR-ECD, porcine prolactin receptor extracellular domain, all forms; RG, reference gene; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; WAP, whey acidic protein function, both in terms of the number and secretory capacity of epithelial cells (Keys et al 1989). Differences in the metabolic activity of mammary epithelial cells (RNA:DNA ratio) at the end of lactation were also reported between sows of a traditional white breed and of a Chinese-derived breed with high milking capacity (Farmer et al 2003). A correlation between weight gain of individual piglets and weight and DNA content of the teat nursed by that piglet was reported in sows of traditional white breeds (Kim et al 2000;Nielsen et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Prolactin was shown to be essential for both the onset and maintenance of lactation in sows (Farmer et al 1998), although injections of recombinant porcine prolactin (pPRL) to lactating sows did not increase milk yield, most likely due to saturation of its receptors. Hence, differential abundance of the prolactin receptor long form (PRLR-LF) may account for differences in milk production potential, as suggested from the PRLR knockout mouse (Ormandy et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue

Farmer¹,

Palin²,

Hovey³

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2010. Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 379Á388. The relationship between greater sow milk yield and mammary development, expression of selected genes in mammary tissue and hormonal concentrations in lactating sows was studied. Crossbred sows were separated in two groups according to the weight gains of their piglets up to day 21. The groups were: (1) lower milk yield (LOW, n 014) and (2) higher milk yield (HI, n 014), representing lactation weight gains of 4.46 and 5.25 kg pig(1 , respectively. Jugular blood samples were obtained from all sows on day 3 (for prolactin determination) and day 23 (for measures of prolactin, leptin, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids) of lactation, and milk samples were collected on days 3 and 22. At weaning (day 23), sows were slaughtered and their mammary glands were collected, dissected and composition was determined. Mammary parenchymal tissue was analyzed for the mRNA abundance of selected genes. Hormone concentrations in blood did not differ between groups (P0.1) and on day 3 of lactation, dry matter and leptin contents in milk were lower (PB0.05) in HI than in LOW sows. There was more DNA and RNA per teat in HI than LOW sows (PB0.05), whereas the expression of selected genes within mammary tissue was unaffected (P0.1) by production group. Significant correlations (PB0.01) existed between average weight gain of piglets during lactation and mammary RNA and DNA, expressed either as total amount or amount per teat, at weaning. Sow milk yield is therefore related to mammary gland composition in late lactation.

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“…This could explain why the composition differs between herds (% lactose). Moreover, Farmer et al (2007) showed that chemical colostrum composition differs among genotypes, but we had the same genetic line in different herds. During the first 6 h, IgG alone accounts for most of the total protein (Klobasa and Butler, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

Hasan

Junnikkala

Valros

et al. 2016

Animal

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Colostrum is an essential source of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for neonate piglets. However, colostrum IgG content and nutritional composition can vary considerably among sows due to age, parity, feeding regime and immunological background. Currently, there is no practical way to obtain information about colostrum IgG concentration at herd level. We evaluated sows' colostrum IgG content on-farm using a Brix refractometer and its performance was compared with that of an IgG ELISA. In addition, nutritional compositions of the colostrum samples were analyzed using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Colostrum samples (5 to 6 ml) ( n = 153) were obtained within 0 to 3 h of farrowing. However, to obtain a 24 h IgG profile for 11 sows, colostrum samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 24 h after farrowing. A 0.3 ml of freshly drawn colostrum sample was used for the on-farm measurement of Brix percentages using a digital refractometer shortly after collection. The remaining fractions of the samples were frozen and submitted to laboratory analysis for total IgG, using a commercially available pig IgG ELISA kit. For nutritional composition analysis, a 35 ml colostrum sample (n = 34) was obtained immediately after birth of first piglet from the first three pairs of frontal teats. Colostrum concentrations of IgG averaged 52.03 ± 30.70 mg/ml (mean ± SEM) at 0 to 3 h after farrowing. Concentration of IgG decreased on average by 50% during the 1st day of lactation ( P < 0.01). Sow parity did not influence colostrum concentrations of IgG. Differences in colostrum composition were recorded between two herds and among the parity groups ( P < 0.05). The Brix refractometer measurement of colostrum and the corresponding log transformed IgG measurements from the ELISA were moderately correlated ( r = 0.63, P < 0.001, n = 153). Based on the classification we suggest here, low levels of IgG (14.5 ± 1.8 mg/ml) were recorded for colostrum samples with Brix readings below 20%. Borderline colostrum IgG content (43.8 ± 2.3 mg/ml) had Brix readings of 20% to 24%, adequate colostrum IgG content (50.7 ± 2.1 mg/ml) had Brix % readings of 25% to 29% and very good IgG colostrum content (78.6 ± 8.4 mg/ml) had Brix readings >30%. Colostrum IgG concentration is highly variable among sows, Brix measurement of a sows' fresh colostrum is an inexpensive, rapid and satisfactorily accurate method of estimating IgG concentration, providing indication of differentiation between good and poor IgG content of colostrum.

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Influence of genotype on metabolic variables, colostrum and milk composition of primiparous sows

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in back fat thickness during late gestation predict colostrum yield in sows

Changes in back fat thickness during late gestation predict colostrum yield in sows

Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

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